stout大量使用了c++11的一些新特性,使用这些特性有利于简化我们的代码,增加代码可读性。以下将对一些容器的新特性做一个总结。主要两方面:
- 容器的初始化,c++11中再也不用手动insert或者push_back来初始化了
- 容器的遍历,c++11中再也不用使用冗长的迭代器遍历了
- 容器的emplace,避免了一次赋值构造操作和一次析构操作
- 增加了unordered_map容器
- 增加了哈希函数std::hash
让我们一睹为快吧:
std::hash
#include <functional> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <map> int main() { std::hash<std::string> str_hash; std::string a = "foo"; std::string b = "foo"; std::string c = "bar"; std::cout << (str_hash(a) == str_hash(b) ? "hash(a) == hash(b)" : "hash(a) != hash(b)") << std::endl; std::cout << (str_hash(a) == str_hash(c) ? "hash(a) == hash(c)" : "hash(a) != hash(c)") << std::endl; std::map<int, std::string> d; d.emplace(1, "one"); for(auto mit : d) { std::cout << mit.first << ":" << mit.second << std::endl; } return 0; }
容器emplace:
#include <vector> #include <string> #include <iostream> class A { public: A(const std::string& name) : name_(name) { std::cout << "constructor1" << std::endl; } A(const A& other) : name_(other.name_) { std::cout << "constructor2" << std::endl; } ~A() { std::cout << "destructor" << std::endl; } private: std::string name_; }; int main() { std::vector<A> a; a.push_back(A("foo")); std::cout << "push back finish" << std::endl; a.emplace(a.begin(), "bar"); std::cout << "emplace finish" << std::endl; std::cout << "to exit" << std::endl; return 0; }
容器初始化和遍历
#include <map> #include <string> #include <iostream> #include <vector> int main() { std::vector<int> a = {1, 2, 3}; std::map<int, std::string> b = {{1, "one"}, {2, "two"}, {3, "three"}}; for(auto& elem : a) std::cout << elem << std::endl; for (auto& kv : b) std::cout << kv.first << " : " << kv.second << std::endl; return 0; }