elasticsearch Mapping的创建
一、Mapping介绍
在 Elasticsearch 中， Mapping 是什么？
mapping 在 Elasticsearch 中的作用就是约束。
1.数据类型声明
它类似于静态语言中的数据类型声明，比如声明一个字段为String， 以后这个变量都只能存储String类型的数据。同样的， 一个number类型的 mapping 字段只能存储number类型的数据。
2.Mapping它定义了 Type 的属性。
"_ttl": {"enabled": false｝
表示 ttl关闭，其实ttl默认就是关闭。
3.指定分词器。
"id": {"index": "not_analyzed","type": "string"}
指定字段 id不分词，并且类型为 string。
4.…………
二、创建Mapping
1.下面介绍一下HTTP的创建方式。我一般用Java 创建方式。
PUT http://123.123.123.123:9200/index/type/ { "settings": { //设置10个分片，理解为类似数据库中的表分区中一个个分区的概念，不知道是否妥当 "number_of_shards": 10 }, "mappings": { "trades": { "_id": { "path": "id" }, "properties": { "id": { "type": "integer", //id：自增数字 //要求：查询 "store" : true }, "name": { //名称 "type": "string" }, "brand": { //品牌： PG，P&G,宝洁集团，宝洁股份，联想集团，联想电脑等 "type": "string" }, "orderNo": { //订单号 ：如ATTS000928732 "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "description": { //描述： 2015款玫瑰香型强生婴儿沐浴露，550ml，包邮 "type": "string"， "sort": true }, "date": { "type": "date" }, "city": { "type": "string" }, "qty": {// index分词无效 "type": "float" }, "price": { //价格： float index无效 "type": "float" } } } } }
上面是从其他地方抄过来的。因为我不用这种方式。
2.Java方式创建。
构建 Mapping
package com.sojson.core.elasticsearch.mapping; import static org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory.jsonBuilder; import java.io.IOException; import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentBuilder; public class ZhidaoMapping { public static XContentBuilder getMapping(){ XContentBuilder mapping = null; try { mapping = jsonBuilder() .startObject() //开启倒计时功能 .startObject("_ttl") .field("enabled",false) .endObject() .startObject("properties") .startObject("title") .field("type","string") .endObject() .startObject("question") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("answer") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("category") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("author") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("date") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("answer_author") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("answer_date") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("description") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("keywords") .field("type","string") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() .startObject("read_count") .field("type","integer") .field("index","not_analyzed") .endObject() //关联数据 .startObject("list").field("type","object").endObject() .endObject() .endObject(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return mapping; } }
创建 Mapping
public static void createBangMapping(){ PutMappingRequest mapping = Requests.putMappingRequest(INDEX).type(TYPE).source(ZhidaoMapping.getMapping()); ESTools.client.admin().indices().putMapping(mapping).actionGet(); }
创建的时候，需要 index已经创建才行，要不然会报错。
//构建一个Index（索引） CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest(INDEX); ESTools.client.admin().indices().create(request);
创建完毕在 Head 插件里查看或者Get请求。
http://123.123.123.123:9200/index/type/_mapping
得到的结果：
{ "zhidao_index": { "mappings": { "zhidao_type": { "_ttl": { "enabled": false }, "properties": { "answer": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "answerAuthor": { "type": "string" }, "answerDate": { "type": "date", "format": "strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis"//这里出现了复合类型 }, "answer_author": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "answer_date": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "author": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "category": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "date": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "description": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "id": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "keywords": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "list": { "type": "object" }, "question": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "readCount": { "type": "long" }, "read_count": { "type": "integer" }, "title": { "type": "string" } } } } } }
Head插件查看
其实 Mapping ，你接触 Elasticsearch 久一点也就那么回事。我们虽然知道 Elasticsearch 有根据数据识别创建 Mapping ，但是最好是创建，并且指定分词与否。这样高效一点。
麦田实战：针对_head插件页面的操作
//创建主索引
http://localhost:19201/es_test5_1/
PUT
{
"settings": {
"index": {
"creation_date": "1533786340419",
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"ngram_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "ngram_tokenizer"
}
},
"tokenizer": {
"ngram_tokenizer": {
"token_chars": [
"digit",
"letter",
"symbol",
"punctuation"
],
"min_gram": "1",
"type": "ngram",
"max_gram": "1000"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "5",
"number_of_replicas": "1"
}
}
}
//新增type及对应mapping http://localhost:19201/es_test4/_mapping/product/ PUT { "properties": { "id": { "type": "string" }, "title": { "type": "string" }, "address": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "publish_data": { "type": "date", "index": "not_analyzed" }, "price": { "type": "double" }, "number": { "type": "integer" } } } 查询index对应的mapping http://localhost:19201/es_test4/_mapping GET type中新增字段以及指定mapping http://localhost:19201/es_test4/_mapping/product/ PUT { "properties": { "xinzengziduan": { "type": "integer" } } }
麦田测试环境mapping映射（主要应用了ngram_analyzer分词器）
{ "state": "open", "settings": { "index": { "creation_date": "1525160674349", "analysis": { "analyzer": { "ngram_analyzer": { "tokenizer": "ngram_tokenizer" } }, "tokenizer": { "ngram_tokenizer": { "token_chars": [ "digit" , "letter" , "symbol" , "punctuation" ], "min_gram": "1", "type": "ngram", "max_gram": "1000" } } }, "number_of_shards": "5", "number_of_replicas": "1", "uuid": "Fl8ZB4LmTBmm4ED_8O1DFA", "version": { "created": "2040099" } } }, "mappings": { "sale_house_type": { "properties": { "hisFollowCount": { "type": "integer" }, "firstPic": { "type": "string" }, "buildAreaLable": { "type": "string" }, "oldHouseId": { "type": "string" }, "defaultSortTime": { "type": "long" }, "defaultSort": { "type": "string" }, "unitPriceLable": { "type": "string" }, "houFiveYearsFlag": { "type": "integer" }, "houLocation": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "quote": { "type": "double" }, "roomNum": { "type": "double" }, "seeTotal30": { "type": "integer" }, "seeTotal30Lable": { "type": "string" }, "roomNumId": { "type": "string" }, "houTwoYearsFlag": { "type": "integer" }, "isAttack": { "type": "integer" }, "id": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "isTodaySee": { "type": "integer" }, "tag": { "type": "string" }, "foor": { "type": "string" }, "houPropertyName": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "isMtOnline": { "type": "integer" }, "roomType": { "type": "string" }, "direction": { "type": "string" }, "followerAgentId": { "type": "string" }, "unitPrice": { "type": "double" }, "houPropertyNameQuery": { "analyzer": "ngram_analyzer", "type": "string" }, "unitName": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "bussinesSts": { "type": "integer" }, "isKey": { "type": "integer" }, "addTbTime": { "type": "long" }, "buildArea": { "type": "double" }, "roomName": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "buildingName": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" }, "businessManageName": { "analyzer": "ngram_analyzer", "type": "string" }, "areaId": { "type": "string" }, "isManagerRecommend": { "type": "integer" }, "ownerUniqFlag": { "type": "integer" }, "isBigManagerRecommend": { "type": "integer" }, "realHouseFlag": { "type": "integer" }, "quoteLable": { "type": "string" }, "propertyPeriodId": { "type": "string" }, "location": { "type": "geo_point" }, "businessManageId": { "type": "string" }, "houseBaseId": { "index": "not_analyzed", "type": "string" } } } }, "aliases": [ ] }
"digit" ---数字 , "letter"---字母 , "symbol"---符号 , "punctuation"---标点符号
"min_gram": "1",---最小分割长度 "type": "ngram", "max_gram": "1000"---最大分割长度
获取index为library,type为books的映射
GET /libraryyry/_mapping/books
获取集群内所有的映射信息
GET /_all/_mapping/
获取这个集群内某两个或多个type映射信息(books和bank_account映射信息)
GET /_all/_mapping/books,bank_account
删除映射
DELETE /libraryry/books DELETE /libraryry/books/_mapping #删除books的映射 DELETE /libraryry/_mapping/books,bank_acount #删除多个映射
无法修改已经存在的mapping映射
1.如果要推到现有的映射,你得重新建立一个索引.然后重新定义映射
2.然后把之前索引里的数据导入到新的索引里
-------具体方法------
1.给现有的索引定义一个别名,并且把现有的索引指向这个别名,运行步骤2
2.运行: PUT /现有索引/_alias/别名A
3.新创建一个索引,定义好最新的映射
4.将别名指向新的索引.并且取消之前索引的执行,运行步骤5
5.运行: POST /_aliases
{
"actions":[
{"remove" : { "index": "现有索引名". "alias":"别名A" }}.
{"add" : { "index": "新建索引名", "alias":"别名A" }}
]
}
注意:通过这几个步骤就实现了索引的平滑过渡,并且是零停机
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