一、信息系统的开发架构
客户层-------显示层-------业务层---------数据层---------数据库
1.客户层:客户层就是客户端,简单的来说就是浏览器,
2.显示层:JSP/Servlet,用于给浏览器显示。
3.业务层:对于数据层的原子操作进行整合。
4.数据层:对于数据库进行的原子操作,增加、删除等;
二、DAO(Data Access Object)介绍
DAO应用在数据层那块,用于访问数据库,对数据库进行操作的类。
三、DAO设计模式的结构
DAO设计模式一般分为几个类:
1.VO(Value Object):一个用于存放网页的一行数据即一条记录的类,比如网页要显示一个用户的信息,则这个类就是用户的类。
2.DatabaseConnection:用于打开和关闭数据库。
3.DAO接口:用于声明对于数据库的操作。
4.DAOImpl:必须实现DAO接口,真实实现DAO接口的函数,但是不包括数据库的打开和关闭。
5.DAOProxy:也是实现DAO接口,但是只需要借助DAOImpl即可,但是包括数据库的打开和关闭。
6.DAOFactory:工厂类,含有getInstance()创建一个Proxy类。
四、DAO的好处
DAO的好处就是提供给用户的接口只有DAO的接口,所以如果用户想添加数据,只需要调用create函数即可,不需要数据库的操作。
五、DAO包命名
对于DAO,包的命名和类的命名一定要有层次。
六、实例解析
1.Emp.java
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1. package org.vo;
2. import java.util.*;
3. public class Emp{
4. private int empno;
5. private String ename;
6. private String job;
7. private Date hireDate;
8. private float sal;
9. public Emp(){
10.
11. }
12. public int getEmpno(){
13. return empno;
14. }
15. public void setEmpno(int empno){
16. this.empno = empno;
17. }
18. public String getEname(){
19. return ename;
20. }
21. public void setEname(String ename){
22. this.ename = ename;
23. }
24. public Date getHireDate(){
25. return hireDate;
26. }
27. public void setHireDate(Date hireDate){
28. this.hireDate = hireDate;
29. }
30. public float getSal(){
31. return sal;
32. }
33. public void setSal(float sal){
34. this.sal = sal;
35. }
36. public String getJob(){
37. return job;
38. }
39. public void setJob(String job){
40. this.job = job;
41. }
42. }
package org.vo;import java.util.*;public class Emp{ private int empno; private String ename; private String job; private Date hireDate; private float sal; public Emp(){ } public int getEmpno(){ return empno; } public void setEmpno(int empno){ this.empno = empno; } public String getEname(){ return ename; } public void setEname(String ename){ this.ename = ename; } public Date getHireDate(){ return hireDate; } public void setHireDate(Date hireDate){ this.hireDate = hireDate; } public float getSal(){ return sal; } public void setSal(float sal){ this.sal = sal; } public String getJob(){ return job; } public void setJob(String job){ this.job = job; }}
2.DatabaseConnection.java
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1. package org.dbc;
2. import java.sql.*;
3. public class DatabaseConnection{
4. private Connection con = null;
5. private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
6. private static final String USER = "root";
7. private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mldn";
8. private static final String PASS = "12345";
9. public DatabaseConnection()throws Exception{
10. Class.forName(DRIVER);
11. con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL,USER,PASS);
12. }
13. public Connection getConnection()throws Exception{
14. return con;
15. }
16. public void close()throws Exception{
17. if(con!=null){
18. con.close();
19. }
20. }
21. }
package org.dbc;import java.sql.*;public class DatabaseConnection{ private Connection con = null; private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; private static final String USER = "root"; private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mldn"; private static final String PASS = "12345"; public DatabaseConnection()throws Exception{ Class.forName(DRIVER); con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL,USER,PASS); } public Connection getConnection()throws Exception{ return con; } public void close()throws Exception{ if(con!=null){ con.close(); } }}
3.IEmpDAO.java
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1. package org.dao;
2. import java.util.List;
3. import org.vo.*;
4. public interface IEmpDAO{
5. public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception;
6. public ListfindAll()throws Exception;
7. public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception;
8. }
package org.dao;import java.util.List;import org.vo.*;public interface IEmpDAO{ public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception; public ListfindAll()throws Exception; public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception;}
4.EmpDAOImpl.java
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1. package org.dao.impl;
2. import org.dao.*;
3. import java.sql.*;
4. import org.vo.*;
5. import java.util.*;
6. public class EmpDAOImpl implements IEmpDAO{
7. private Connection con;
8. private PreparedStatement stat = null;
9. public EmpDAOImpl(Connection con){
10. this.con = con;
11. }
12. public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception{
13. String sql = "INSERT INTO emp(empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal) VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)";
14. stat = con.prepareStatement(sql);
15. stat.setInt(1,emp.getEmpno());
16. stat.setString(2,emp.getEname());
17. stat.setString(3,emp.getJob());
18. stat.setDate(4,new java.sql.Date(emp.getHireDate().getTime()));
19. stat.setFloat(5,emp.getSal());
20. int update = stat.executeUpdate();
21. if(update>0){
22. return true;
23. }
24. else{
25. return false;
26. }
27. }
28. public ListfindAll()throws Exception{
29. String sql = "SELECT empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal FROM emp";
30. stat = con.prepareStatement(sql);
31. ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery();
32. Emp emp = null;
33. Listlist = new ArrayList();
34. while(rs.next()){
35. int empno = rs.getInt(1);
36. String ename = rs.getString(2);
37. String job = rs.getString(3);
38. float sal = rs.getFloat(5);
39. emp = new Emp();
40. emp.setEmpno(empno);
41. emp.setEname(ename);
42. emp.setJob(job);
43. emp.setHireDate(rs.getDate(4));
44. emp.setSal(sal);
45. list.add(emp);
46. }
47. return list;
48. }
49. public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception{
50. String sql = "SELECT empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal FROM emp WHERE empno=?";
51. stat = con.prepareStatement(sql);
52. stat.setInt(1,empno);
53. ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery();
54. Emp emp = null;
55. if(rs.next()){
56. String ename = rs.getString(2);
57. String job = rs.getString(3);
58. float sal = rs.getFloat(5);
59. emp = new Emp();
60. emp.setEmpno(empno);
61. emp.setEname(ename);
62. emp.setJob(job);
63. emp.setHireDate(rs.getDate(4));
64. emp.setSal(sal);
65. }
66. return emp;
67. }
68. }
package org.dao.impl;import org.dao.*;import java.sql.*;import org.vo.*;import java.util.*;public class EmpDAOImpl implements IEmpDAO{ private Connection con; private PreparedStatement stat = null; public EmpDAOImpl(Connection con){ this.con = con; } public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception{ String sql = "INSERT INTO emp(empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal) VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)"; stat = con.prepareStatement(sql); stat.setInt(1,emp.getEmpno()); stat.setString(2,emp.getEname()); stat.setString(3,emp.getJob()); stat.setDate(4,new java.sql.Date(emp.getHireDate().getTime())); stat.setFloat(5,emp.getSal()); int update = stat.executeUpdate(); if(update>0){ return true; } else{ return false; } } public ListfindAll()throws Exception{ String sql = "SELECT empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal FROM emp"; stat = con.prepareStatement(sql); ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(); Emp emp = null; Listlist = new ArrayList(); while(rs.next()){ int empno = rs.getInt(1); String ename = rs.getString(2); String job = rs.getString(3); float sal = rs.getFloat(5); emp = new Emp(); emp.setEmpno(empno); emp.setEname(ename); emp.setJob(job); emp.setHireDate(rs.getDate(4)); emp.setSal(sal); list.add(emp); } return list; } public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception{ String sql = "SELECT empno,ename,job,hiredate,sal FROM emp WHERE empno=?"; stat = con.prepareStatement(sql); stat.setInt(1,empno); ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(); Emp emp = null; if(rs.next()){ String ename = rs.getString(2); String job = rs.getString(3); float sal = rs.getFloat(5); emp = new Emp(); emp.setEmpno(empno); emp.setEname(ename); emp.setJob(job); emp.setHireDate(rs.getDate(4)); emp.setSal(sal); } return emp; }}
5.EmpDAOProxy.java
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1. package org.dao.impl;
2. import org.dao.*;
3. import java.sql.*;
4. import org.vo.*;
5. import java.util.*;
6. import org.dbc.*;
7. public class EmpDAOProxy implements IEmpDAO{
8. private DatabaseConnection dbc;
9. private IEmpDAO dao = null;
10. public EmpDAOProxy()throws Exception{
11. dbc = new DatabaseConnection();
12. dao = new EmpDAOImpl(dbc.getConnection());
13. }
14. public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception{
15. boolean flag = false;
16. if(dao.findById(emp.getEmpno())==null){
17. flag = dao.doCreate(emp);
18. }
19. dbc.close();
20. return flag;
21. }
22. public ListfindAll()throws Exception{
23. Listlist = dao.findAll();
24. dbc.close();
25. return list;
26. }
27. public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception{
28. Emp emp = dao.findById(empno);
29. dbc.close();
30. return emp;
31. }
32. }
package org.dao.impl;import org.dao.*;import java.sql.*;import org.vo.*;import java.util.*;import org.dbc.*;public class EmpDAOProxy implements IEmpDAO{ private DatabaseConnection dbc; private IEmpDAO dao = null; public EmpDAOProxy()throws Exception{ dbc = new DatabaseConnection(); dao = new EmpDAOImpl(dbc.getConnection()); } public boolean doCreate(Emp emp)throws Exception{ boolean flag = false; if(dao.findById(emp.getEmpno())==null){ flag = dao.doCreate(emp); } dbc.close(); return flag; } public ListfindAll()throws Exception{ Listlist = dao.findAll(); dbc.close(); return list; } public Emp findById(int empno)throws Exception{ Emp emp = dao.findById(empno); dbc.close(); return emp; }}
6.DAOFactory.java
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1. package org.dao.factory;
2. import org.dao.*;
3. import java.sql.*;
4. import org.vo.*;
5. import java.util.*;
6. import org.dbc.*;
7. import org.dao.impl.*;
8. public class DAOFactory{
9. public static IEmpDAO getInstance(){
10. IEmpDAO dao = null;
11. try{
12. dao = new EmpDAOProxy();
13. }
14. catch(Exception e){
15. e.printStackTrace();
16. }
17. return dao;
18. }
19. }
package org.dao.factory;import org.dao.*;import java.sql.*;import org.vo.*;import java.util.*;import org.dbc.*;import org.dao.impl.*;public class DAOFactory{ public static IEmpDAO getInstance(){ IEmpDAO dao = null; try{ dao = new EmpDAOProxy(); } catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return dao; }}
7.TestDAO.java
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1. package org.dao.test;
2. import org.dao.factory.*;
3. import org.vo.*;
4. import org.dao.*;
5. public class TestDAO{
6. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
7. Emp emp = null;
8. for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
9. emp = new Emp();
10. emp.setEmpno(i);
11. emp.setEname("xiazdong-"+i);
12. emp.setJob("stu-"+i);
13. emp.setHireDate(new java.util.Date());
14. emp.setSal(500*i);
15. DAOFactory.getInstance().doCreate(emp);
16. }
17. }
18. }
package org.dao.test;import org.dao.factory.*;import org.vo.*;import org.dao.*;public class TestDAO{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ Emp emp = null; for(int i=0;i<5;i++){ emp = new Emp(); emp.setEmpno(i); emp.setEname("xiazdong-"+i); emp.setJob("stu-"+i); emp.setHireDate(new java.util.Date()); emp.setSal(500*i); DAOFactory.getInstance().doCreate(emp); } }}
通过DAO设计模式,可以在JSP中屏蔽了数据库连接的操作,达到JSP只负责显示的效果,[原创]java中DAO层》(https://www.unjs.com)。