jpa

一.JPA入门

Java Persistence API的简称，中文名Java持久层API

JPA是规范，Hibernate是实现

JPA是完全面向对象的方式设计开发的

JDBC则是面向SQL开发的

二.ORM是对象关系映射框架

ORM：Object Relational MappingOrm

ORM就是通过将java对象映射到数据库表，通过操作Java对象，就可以完成对数据表的操作

面向对象概念	映射关系概念
类	表
对象实体	对象实体
属性，对象粒度	表的列（字段）

三.持久层框架

Hibernate

Mybatis

四.配置

4.1基本配置

层级格式（JPA规定）

resources

META-INF

persistence.xml

1. 必须配置数据库的4个连接信息

2. 必须配置一个发言属性

   发言的作用：1.主键选择，2.分页sql的处理：关注getLimitString方法

3. 可选配置

   • 是否显示sql语句

   • 是否自动建表

   • 是否格式化sql语句

     <!-- 持久单元名称-->
     <persistence-unit name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"cn.itsource.jpa">
         <properties>
             <!-- 必须配置一个方言属性
                     方言的作用：<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1.主键选择 <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2.分页sql的处理：关注getLimitString方法 
             -->
             <property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.dialect"
                 value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /><pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><code style="overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 2px 4px; margin: 0px 2px; color: rgb(233, 105, 0); background: rgb(248, 248, 248); line-height: 18px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: consolas, inconsolata, courier, monospace; border-radius: 0px; display: block !important; white-space: pre !important; overflow: auto !important; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">    &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;!-- 必须配置数据库的<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4个连接信息 --&<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
         &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.connection.driver_class" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /&<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
         &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.connection.username" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"root" /&<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
         &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.connection.password" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"" /&<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
         &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.connection.url" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"jdbc:mysql:///jpa" /&<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;<pre style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><code style="overflow-wrap: break-word; padding: 2px 4px; margin: 0px 2px; color: rgb(233, 105, 0); background: rgb(248, 248, 248); line-height: 18px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: consolas, inconsolata, courier, monospace; border-radius: 0px; display: block !important; white-space: pre !important; overflow: auto !important; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">&amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;!-- 可选配置
         - 是否显示sql语句
         - 是否自动建表
             <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop
             <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create
             <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update
             <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate
         - 是否格式化sql语句 
     --&amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
     &amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.show_sql" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"true" /&amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
     &amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"create" /&amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
     &amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;property name=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"hibernate.format_sql" value=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"true" /&amp;<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">gt;
     &<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">lt;<span class="hljs-regexp" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">/properties&gt;
     <span class="hljs-regexp" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"></persistence-unit>
     

4.2 配置自动生成表

4.2.1 persistence.xml关于自动建表的配置（建表策略）

• hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop

  • 一般不会用到
  • 先删除表，再创建表，再删除表

• hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create

  • 只有在测试的时候使用
  • 先删除表，再创建表，不会再删除表
  • 如果更改了domain的映射信息，会马上生效

• hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update

  • 用在测试和web项目
  • 如果没表就会根据最新的映射信息来创建表
  • 如果表里边已经有这个属性，如修改字段的长度，不会跟新到表里面
  • 需要更新列先删除表或者删除这个属性对应的列名（字段名）
  • 如果表里面没有属性，映射信息存在，会增加这个列（字段名）

• hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate

  • 用在系统已经上线或者客户给定了数据库
  • 表不存在，会抛出异常
  • 映射文件少属性，表比domain类的映射信息定义的列要多，不会报错，反之，抛出异常

4.2.2 自动建表的时间（在数据库中何时自动建表）

1. 成功获取到EntityManager对象，数据库自动建表完成

2. 如何获取EntityManager对象

   <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//持久单元名称persistenceUnitName
   <span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">String persistenceUnitName = <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"cn.itsource.jpa";
   <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//1.获取实例管理工厂
   EntityManagerFactory  entityManagerFactory=  Persistence.createEntityManagerFact(persistenceUnitName);
   <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//2.获取EntityManager对象   
   EntityManager entityManager= entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();
   

4.2.3 删除表的时间

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//实例管理工厂关闭就会删除表
    entityManagerFactory.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">close();

五.注解（实体类）

注意：Hibernate持久化类的编写规则以及注解的详细配置

JPA规范实现

• 所谓持久化，就是将内存中的数据永久存储到关系型数据库中，所谓的持久化类指的是一个Java类与数据库表建立了映射关系，那么这个类称为是持久化类。
• 持久化类需要提供无参的构造方法，因为在Hibernate的底层需要使用反射生成类的实例。
• 持久化类的属性需要私有，对私有的属性提供公有的get和set方法，因为在Hibernate底层会将查询到的数据进行封装。
• 持久化类的属性要尽量使用包装类的类型，因为包装类和基本数据类型的默认值不同，包装类的类型语义描述更清晰而基本数据类型不容易描述。
• 持久化类尽量不要使用final进行修饰。
• 持久类注意要实现序列化接口。

@entity 类注解

希望把类（XXX）变成数据库的一张表

表示一个由JPA管理的持久对象，对应数据库的一张表

@table（name = “t_user”） 类注解

数据库的表名
配置表名：t_user，如果没有写@table，默认使用类名（XXX）作为表名

@id

配置主键,必须的

@GeneratedValue（strategy = GenerationType.AUTO）

配置主键的生成策略（是自动的）

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">AUTO：自动选择数据库本地的策略
Mysql：AUTO_INCREAMENT自增
Oracle：序列

@Column（name = “e_id” ，length=20 ,nullable=false ,unique=true）

<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column（name = “e_id”）
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private <span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Long id；
自动建表的列名（字段名：e_id）

<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column（name = “e_id”，length=<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">20）
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private <span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Long id；
自动建表的列名（字段名：e_id），自动建表的字段长度（<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">20）

<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column（name = “e_id” ，length=<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">20 ,nullable=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">false）
nullable=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">false:表示该字段不得为空；非空约束

<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column（name = “e_id” ，length=<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">20 ,nullable=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">false ,unique=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">true）
unique=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">true:唯一约束

@Column(insertable=false,columnDefinition="int(11) default '25'")

被注解的字段不能出现在<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">insert语句里面
设置某个字段的默认值为固定的<span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">25，不可更改，且上面二个属性必须结合使用才能生效

@Column(updatable=false)

被注解的字段不能出现在<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">update语句里面
eg：使用场景
    注册时间是不能被修改的，只能在插入的时候保存，后面的所有操作都不可去改变它的值

        //默认生成的时间戳
        @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
        //creatTime该字段不允许出现在<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">update语句里面
        @<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Column(updatable=<span class="hljs-literal" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">false)

        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private <span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Date creatTime;

@Column(columnDefinition="dicimal(19,2) check(salary>0)")

//mysql数据库不支持<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">check约束
@<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">Column(columnDefinition=<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"dicimal(19,2) check(salary>0)")
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private BigDecimal salary;

@Transient

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//临时属性（不会持久化），不会在数据库建表时添加列（字段）
<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Transient
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private String phone; 

@Lob 大文本的配置

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE) 时间配置的注解（date）

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIME) 时间配置的注解（time）

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) 时间配置的注解（默认，可以不配）

代码如下：

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">package cn.com;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.Column;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.Entity;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.Id;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import javax.persistence.Table;

<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Entity
<span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Table(name = <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"t_user")

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public <span class="hljs-class" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">class <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">User {
    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Id
    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)

    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">long id;

    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private String name;

    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Column(name = <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"pwd", length = <span class="hljs-number" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(174, 135, 250); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">20)
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">private String password;

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">long <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">getId<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">return id;
    }

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">void <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">setId<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">long id) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">this.id = id;
    }

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public String <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">getName<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">return name;
    }

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">void <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">setName<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">(String name) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">this.name = name;
    }

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public String <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">getPassword<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">return password;
    }

    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">void <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">setPassword<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">(String password) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">this.password = password;
    }

    <span class="hljs-meta" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(91, 218, 237); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">@Override
    <span class="hljs-function" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">public String <span class="hljs-title" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">toString<span class="hljs-params" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(255, 152, 35); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">return <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"User [id=" + id + <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">", name=" + name + <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">", password=" + password + <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"]";
    }

}

六.测试代码

6.1 测试步骤

1. 生成实体管理工厂
2. 获取EntityManager对象
3. 开启事务
4. 持久操作CRUD
5. 提交事务
6. 关闭资源

6.2测试代码（10课时）

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//<persistence-unit name="cn.itsource.jpa">
String persistenceUnitName = <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"cn.itsource.jpa";
<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//1.获取实例管理工厂
EntityManagerFactory  entityManagerFactory=  Persistence.createEntityManagerFact(persistenceUnitName);

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//2.获取EntityManager对象   
EntityManager entityManager= entityManagerFactory.createEntityManager();

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//3.开启事务
EntityTransaction entityTransaction =  entityManager.getTransaction();
entityTransaction.begin();

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//4.操作CRUD
entityManager.persist(user);

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//5.提交事务
entityTransaction.commit();

<span class="hljs-comment" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">//6.关闭资源
entityManager.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">close();
entityManagerFactory.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">close();

6.3 CURD

它代表创建（Create）、更新（Update）、读取（Retrieve）和删除（Delete）操作。

persist 持久化方法，保存方法

<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">entityManager<span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.persist(<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">user);

merge 修改方法，必须要有id值

<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">entityManager<span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.merge(<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">user);

remove 删除方法，必须要有id值

entityManager.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">remove(user);

---

查询方法可以不要事务，以便于提高性能

find 查询方法，通过主键获取domain对象，传入的参数一定要和domain的id的类型一致

<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">entityManager<span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.find(<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">User<span class="hljs-selector-class" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(165, 218, 45); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">.class, 1<span class="hljs-selector-tag" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">l);

createQuery 查询所有

String jpql= <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"select o from User o";
Query query = entityManager.createQuery(jpql);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">List<User> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">list = query.getResultList();

补充：jpql的语法

jpql是JPA的查询语言，hql是Hibernate的查询语言

jpql：不能出现表名，列名，*，只能是JAVA的类名，别名，且大小写敏感

建议写法：

String jpql= "<span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">select o <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">from <span class="hljs-keyword" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">User o<span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">";

最标准的写法：（用User的完整的包名加类名写）

<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">String jpql= <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"select o from cn.tedu.com.User o";

简单写法：

<span class="hljs-built_in" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(248, 35, 117); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">String jpql= <span class="hljs-string" style="font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(238, 220, 112); word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;" style="font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">"from User";

七.核心API

Persistence	主要用于创建EntityManagerFactory，根据传入的persistenceUnitName 名称来创建对应的EntityManagerFactory
EntityManagerFactory	EntityManagerFactory工厂（负责创建EntityManager对象）
EntityManager	实体管理对象
EntityTransaction	事务对象

数据是否可以共享关键在于数据放在那个对象上面。

一级缓存存放在EntityManager对象里面，是不可以共享的

二级缓存存放在EntityManagerFactory对象里面，查询可以共享

一级缓存被命中条件：同一个EntityManagerFactory，同一个EntityManager,同一个OID

我们在JPA把domain的全限定类名+主键的值叫做OID，eg： OID="cn.tedu.com.User#1";

• 从一即缓存获取对象实例，如果没有，立即发出sql去获取数据，放入一级缓存
• 从一即缓存获取对象实例，如果有，直接返回一级缓存里面对象的内存地址
• 清空一级缓存clear（），但是不关闭EntityManager，获取对象实例就会发出sql语句去获取数据
• 关闭EntityManager.close()；需要重新从EntityManageFactoryr里面获取EntityManager，此时的EntityManager就不是同一个EntityManager，一级缓存就不会被命中

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wenzai/p/9989270.html