自定义分页是与默认分页相对应的。默认分页指一次检索出所有数据并将其绑定到数据绑定控件中，虽然该控件只能一页一页显示这些数据，但是所有数据其实都已经被绑定到控件上了。自定义分页的含义是显示到哪一页就检索并绑定哪一页的数据。显然在大数据量的情况下，自定义分页的效率会高很多。
在Asp.net 1.x中自定义分页又称数据库分页，DataGrid中的AllowCustomerPaging属性和VirtualItemCount属性就是专门为自定义分页准备的。在Asp.net 2.0中因为引入了数据源的概念，因此自定义分页也可以叫做数据源分页。
二．为什么使用ObjectDataSource
ASP.NET2.0提供了SqlDataSource数据源控件，提供了ConnectionString、SelectCommand、SelectCommandType、SelectParameters等属性，分别用于指定连接字符串、SQL查询语句、SQL查询语句的类型和查询所使用的参数。SqlDataSource数据源控件根据这些属性的设定从关系数据库中获取数据。但是，SqlDataSource 控件存在一个问题：该控件的缺点在于它迫使您将用户界面层与数据访问层混合在一起，忽略了业务逻辑层。然而随着应用程序规模的扩大，具有清晰的用户界面层、业务逻辑层、数据访问层以及数据实体层是极为必要的。仅仅通过 SqlDataSource 控件的属性，在用户界面层引用 SQL 语句或存储过程是不可取的，或说是缺乏架构意识的，不利于代码的重用和维护。另外，SqlDataSource也不支持数据源分页，也就不能实现自定义分页。
ObjectDataSource 控件对象模型类似于 SqlDataSource 控件。但ObjectDataSource 提供一个 TypeName 属性（而不是 ConnectionString属性），该属性指定用于执行数据操作的业务逻辑类的类名，ObjectDataSource可以通过TypeName 属性直接调用业务层的类。类似于 SqlDataSource 的命令属性SelectCommand、InsertCommand、UpdateCommand、DeleteCommand，ObjectDataSource 控件支持诸如 SelectMethod、UpdateMethod、InsertMethod 和 DeleteMethod属性，用于指定执行这些操作的方法名。显然ObjectDataSource是依托于一个业务逻辑类的，这样我们就可以拥有完善的架构，业务逻辑类可以为复杂的业务逻辑提供好的支持，也有利于代码的重用和维护。特别是ObjectDataSource 控件提供了EnablePaging属性、SelectCountMethod属性、StartRowIndexParameterName属性和MaximumRowsParameterName属性专门支持数据源分页。 SelectCountMethod属性指定的是获取数据项总数的方法。StartRowIndexParameterName属性用于指定一个参数的名称，如程序中不特别设定，其默认参数名为startRowIndex，该参数代表该页数据项的开始行索引；MaximumRowsParameterName属性也用于指定一个参数名称，其默认参数名为maximumRows，该参数代表一页中容纳的数据项总数。
三．示例
本例是以SQL Server自带的Northwind数据库的Orders表为主，Employees表和Customers表为辅，显示OrderDate在1997年之前的Order列表。
(1). 实体层
在实体层中创建Order、Employee、Customer三个类，其中Order引用了Employee类和Customer类。
(2). 数据访问层
数据访问层使用了微软提供的SqlHelper类。
{
private string ConnectionString = Convert.ToString(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[ " NorthWindConnectionString " ]);
public OrderDataAccess()
{
//
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
//
}
public int CountTotalNumber()
{
return Convert.ToInt32(SqlHelper.ExecuteScalar(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, " Order_Select_TotalNumber " ));
}
public IEnumerable FindOrders( int startRowIndex, int maximumRows, bool isDataSet)
{
SqlParameter[] parms = {
new SqlParameter( " @StartRowIndex " ,SqlDbType.Int, 4 ),
new SqlParameter( " @MaximumRows " ,SqlDbType.Int, 4 )
};
parms[ 0 ].Value = startRowIndex;
parms[ 1 ].Value = maximumRows;
if ( ! isDataSet)
{
ArrayList OrderList = new ArrayList();
using (SqlDataReader reader = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, " Order_Select_Pagination " , parms))
{
while (reader.Read())
{
OrderList.Add(LoadOrder(reader));
}
}
return OrderList;
}
else
{
DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(ConnectionString, CommandType.StoredProcedure, " Order_Select_Pagination " , parms);
return ds.Tables[ 0 ].DefaultView;
}
}
public int DeleteOrder( int orderId)
{
SqlParameter parm = new SqlParameter( " @OrderID " ,SqlDbType.Int, 4 );
parm.Value = orderId;
return SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(ConnectionString,CommandType.StoredProcedure, " Order_Delete " ,parm);
}
private Order LoadOrder(SqlDataReader reader)
{
Order order = new Order();
order.OrderId = Convert.ToInt32(reader[ " OrderID " ]);
order.Customer = new Customer(Convert.ToString(reader[ " CustomerID " ]), Convert.ToString(reader[ " CompanyName " ]));
order.Employee = new Employee(Convert.ToInt32(reader[ " EmployeeID " ]), Convert.ToString(reader[ " LastName " ]), Convert.ToString(reader[ " FirstName " ]));
order.OrderDate = Convert.ToDateTime(reader[ " OrderDate " ]);
order.RequiredDate = Convert.ToDateTime(reader[ " RequiredDate " ]);
order.ShippedDate = Convert.ToDateTime(reader[ " ShippedDate " ]);
order.ShipVia = Convert.ToInt32(reader[ " ShipVia " ]);
order.Freight = Convert.ToDecimal(reader[ " Freight " ]);
order.ShipName = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipName " ]);
order.ShipAddress = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipAddress " ]);
order.ShipCity = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipCity " ]);
order.ShipRegion = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipRegion " ]);
order.ShipPostalCode = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipPostalCode " ]);
order.ShipCountry = Convert.ToString(reader[ " ShipCountry " ]);
return order;
}
}
注意FindOrders方法，它带有三个参数，startRowIndex代表起始行的索引，maxmiumRows代表本次查询所要获得的数据项总数，isDataSet是为标示是使用DataSet还是SqlDataReader，如果表示层的GridView设置了属性AllowSorting为true，也就是要求具有排序功能，那么数据访问层就必须使用DataSet来容纳数据，否则使用SqlDataReader就可以了。
(3). 存储过程
获取符合要求的总订单数存储过程：
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
Select Count (OrderID)
From Orders
Where OrderDate < '1997'
RETURN
分页获取数据的存储过程：
(
@StartRowIndex int = null ,
@MaximumRows int = null
)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @PageLowerBound int
DECLARE @PageUpperBound int
-- Set the page bounds
SET @PageLowerBound = @StartRowIndex
SET @PageUpperBound = @PageLowerBound + @MaximumRows + 1
-- Create a temp table to store the select results
CREATE TABLE #tmp
(
RecNo int IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL ,
OrderID int
)
INSERT INTO #tmp
SELECT [OrderID]
FROM [Orders]
Where OrderDate < '1997'
ORDER BY OrderID ASC
SELECT o.* ,e.LastName,e.FirstName,c.CompanyName
FROM Orders o inner join Employees e on o.EmployeeID = e.EmployeeID inner join Customers c on o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID, #tmp t
WHERE o.OrderID = t.OrderID AND
t.RecNo > @PageLowerBound AND
t.RecNo < @PageUpperBound
ORDER BY t.RecNo
RETURN
(4). 业务逻辑层
本例的业务逻辑很简单，只是作为表示层和数据访问层之间的桥梁，并没有掺杂其它的运算逻辑。
业务逻辑类中的方法可以设置给ObjectDataSource控件的SelectCountMethod属性和SelectMethod属性，这样ObjectDataSource就可以自动通过业务逻辑类获得数据了。
{
private static OrderDataAccess orderAccess = new OrderDataAccess();
public OrderBusinessLogic()
{
//
// TODO: Add constructor logic here
//
}
public static int GetRowsTotalNumber()
{
return orderAccess.CountTotalNumber();
}
public static IEnumerable GetOrdersForPagingAndSorting( int startRowIndex, int maximumRows)
{
return orderAccess.FindOrders(startRowIndex, maximumRows, true );
}
public static IEnumerable GetOrdersForPaging( int startRowIndex, int maximumRows)
{
return orderAccess.FindOrders(startRowIndex, maximumRows, false );
}
public static void DeleteOrder( int orderId)
{
orderAccess.DeleteOrder(orderId);
}
}
值得注意的两点是：第一，这里的方法都是用了静态方法，其实也可以不使用静态方法。不使用静态方法时Asp.net会先实例化ObjectDataSource的TypeName中设定的类，然后调用它的方法。第二，GetOrdersForPagingAndSorting和GetOrdersForPaging两个方法，前者是为了应对GridView的排序要求，因为为了能够实现排序，必须使用DataView、DataTable或DataSet；而后者则不用于排序，只需返回一个SqlDataReader。
(5).页面程序
如果想只使用下图所示GridView的默认分页样式，则按照下面的页面代码，不必再写任何后台代码就可实现。
AllowPaging ="true" runat ="server" AllowSorting ="true" Width ="720px" PageSize ="20" >
< PagerStyle ForeColor ="Blue" BackColor ="LightBlue" />
< Columns >
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Order Id" DataField ="OrderId" />
< asp:TemplateField HeaderText ="Customer" >
< ItemTemplate >
<% # Eval ( " Customer.CompanyName " ) %>
</ ItemTemplate >
</ asp:TemplateField >
< asp:TemplateField HeaderText ="Employee" >
< ItemTemplate >
<% # Eval ( " Employee.EmployeeName " ) %>
</ ItemTemplate >
</ asp:TemplateField >
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Order date" DataField ="OrderDate" DataFormatString ="{0:g}" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Required date" DataField ="RequiredDate" DataFormatString ="{0:d}" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Shipped date" DataField ="ShippedDate" DataFormatString ="{0:d}" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Ship address" DataField ="ShipAddress" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Ship country" DataField ="ShipCountry" />
</ Columns >
</ asp:GridView >
< asp:ObjectDataSource ID ="OrdersObjectDataSource" runat ="server" SelectCountMethod ="GetRowsTotalNumber"
SelectMethod ="GetOrdersForPaging" TypeName ="MyTest.BusinessLogic.OrderBusinessLogic" OldValuesParameterFormatString ="Original_{0}" EnablePaging ="true" >
</ asp:ObjectDataSource >
如果想实现如下图所示的自定义的分页样式，则参考下列代码：
AllowPaging ="true" AllowSorting ="true" OnDataBound ="OrdersGridView_DataBound" runat ="server"
Width ="720px" PageSize ="25" OnRowDeleted ="OrdersGridView_RowDeleted" DataKeyNames ="OrderID" >
< Columns >
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Order Id" DataField ="OrderID" SortExpression ="OrderID" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Customer company" DataField ="CompanyName" SortExpression ="CompanyName" />
< asp:TemplateField HeaderText ="Employee" SortExpression ="EmployeeName" >
< ItemTemplate >
<% # Eval ( " LastName " ) + " " + Eval ( " FirstName " ) %>
</ ItemTemplate >
</ asp:TemplateField >
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Order date" DataField ="OrderDate" DataFormatString ="{0:g}" SortExpression ="OrderDate" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Required date" DataField ="RequiredDate" DataFormatString ="{0:d}" SortExpression ="RequiredDate" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Shipped date" DataField ="ShippedDate" DataFormatString ="{0:d}" SortExpression ="ShippedDate" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Ship address" DataField ="ShipAddress" />
< asp:BoundField HeaderText ="Ship country" DataField ="ShipCountry" />
< asp:CommandField ButtonType ="Button" DeleteText ="删除" ShowDeleteButton ="true" HeaderText ="Operation" />
</ Columns >
< PagerStyle ForeColor ="Blue" BackColor ="LightBlue" />
< PagerTemplate >
< table width ="100%" >
< tr >
< td width ="70%" >
< asp:Label ID ="MessageLabel" ForeColor ="Blue" Text ="页码:" runat ="server" />
< asp:DropDownList ID ="PageDropDownList" AutoPostBack ="true" OnSelectedIndexChanged ="PageDropDownList_SelectedIndexChanged"
runat ="server" />
< asp:LinkButton CommandName ="Page" CommandArgument ="First" ID ="linkBtnFirst" runat ="server" > 首页 </ asp:LinkButton >
< asp:LinkButton CommandName ="Page" CommandArgument ="Prev" ID ="linkBtnPrev" runat ="server" > 上一页 </ asp:LinkButton >
< asp:LinkButton CommandName ="Page" CommandArgument ="Next" ID ="linkBtnNext" runat ="server" > 下一页 </ asp:LinkButton >
< asp:LinkButton CommandName ="Page" CommandArgument ="Last" ID ="linkBtnLast" runat ="server" > 末页 </ asp:LinkButton >
</ td >
< td align ="right" >
< asp:Label ID ="CurrentPageLabel" ForeColor ="Blue" runat ="server" />
</ td >
</ tr >
</ table >
</ PagerTemplate >
</ asp:GridView >
< asp:ObjectDataSource ID ="OrdersObjectDataSource" runat ="server" SelectCountMethod ="GetRowsTotalNumber"
SelectMethod ="GetOrdersForPagingAndSorting" DeleteMethod ="DeleteOrder"
TypeName ="MyTest.BusinessLogic.OrderBusinessLogic" EnablePaging ="true" EnableViewState ="true" >
< DeleteParameters >
< asp:Parameter Name ="OrderId" Type ="Int32" Direction ="Input" />
</ DeleteParameters >
</ asp:ObjectDataSource >
注意页导航模板PagerTemplate属性的使用。通常将按钮控件(如上面代码中的LinkButton)添加到页导航模板以执行分页操作。单击 CommandName 属性设置为“Page”的按钮控件时，GridView 控件会执行分页操作。按钮的 CommandArgument 属性确定要执行的分页操作的类型。下表列出了 GridView 控件支持的命令参数值。
| CommandArgument 值 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| “Next” | 导航至下一页。 |
| “Prev” | 导航至上一页。 |
| “First” | 导航至第一页。 |
| “Last” | 导航至最后一页。 |
| 整数值 | 导航至指定页码。 |
页面程序的后台代码：
{
protected void Page_Load( object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void PageDropDownList_SelectedIndexChanged(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GridViewRow pagerRow = OrdersGridView.BottomPagerRow;
DropDownList pageList = (DropDownList)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " PageDropDownList " );
OrdersGridView.PageIndex = pageList.SelectedIndex;
}
protected void OrdersGridView_DataBound(Object sender, EventArgs e)
{
GridViewRow pagerRow = OrdersGridView.BottomPagerRow;
LinkButton linkBtnFirst = (LinkButton)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " linkBtnFirst " );
LinkButton linkBtnPrev = (LinkButton)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " linkBtnPrev " );
LinkButton linkBtnNext = (LinkButton)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " linkBtnNext " );
LinkButton linkBtnLast = (LinkButton)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " linkBtnLast " );
if (OrdersGridView.PageIndex == 0 )
{
linkBtnFirst.Enabled = false ;
linkBtnPrev.Enabled = false ;
}
else if (OrdersGridView.PageIndex == OrdersGridView.PageCount - 1 )
{
linkBtnLast.Enabled = false ;
linkBtnNext.Enabled = false ;
}
else if (OrdersGridView.PageCount <= 0 )
{
linkBtnFirst.Enabled = false ;
linkBtnPrev.Enabled = false ;
linkBtnNext.Enabled = false ;
linkBtnLast.Enabled = false ;
}
DropDownList pageList = (DropDownList)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " PageDropDownList " );
Label pageLabel = (Label)pagerRow.Cells[ 0 ].FindControl( " CurrentPageLabel " );
if (pageList != null )
{
for ( int i = 0 ; i < OrdersGridView.PageCount; i ++ )
{
int pageNumber = i + 1 ;
ListItem item = new ListItem(pageNumber.ToString() + " / " + OrdersGridView.PageCount.ToString(), pageNumber.ToString());
if (i == OrdersGridView.PageIndex)
{
item.Selected = true ;
}
pageList.Items.Add(item);
}
}
if (pageLabel != null )
{
int currentPage = OrdersGridView.PageIndex + 1 ;
pageLabel.Text = " 当前页： " + currentPage.ToString() +
" / " + OrdersGridView.PageCount.ToString();
}
}
protected void OrdersGridView_RowDeleted( object sender,GridViewDeletedEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Exception == null && OrdersGridView.Rows.Count == 1 )
{
// we just deleted the last row
OrdersGridView.PageIndex = Math.Max( 0 , OrdersGridView.PageIndex - 1 );
}
}
}
由以上示例可以看出GridView关联ObjectDataSource时，省去了DataBind方法的使用。也就是说只要给GridView关联上数据源控件，那么绑定的事程序员就不用操心了。当GridView发生翻页事件时整个的运行过程是这样的，GridView的PageIndex变成新值，ObjectDataSource根据GridView的PageIndex属性换算出startRowIndex和MaxmiumRows的值，然后传递这两个参数给SelectMethod指定的方法从而获得数据，然后再调用SelectCountMethod指定的方法获得总数据项数，以计算出总页数，然后执行OrderGridView_DataBound事件处理方法最终完成绑定工作。
注意OrdersGridView_RowDeleted事件处理方法的写法，它是为了应对将最后一页的最后一条数据删除之后，GridView将能够识别出最后一页已经被删空了，因此原来的倒数第二页就变成了现在的末页了，并让GridView的当前页指向末页。
下载完整源程序/Files/taewind/TestDataBindControlls.rar
2115
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
