一.为什么需要全局键盘监听?
在某些情况下应用程序需要实现快捷键执行特定功能,例如大家熟知的QQ截图功能Ctrl+Alt+A快捷键,只要QQ程序在运行(无论是拥有焦点还是处于后台运行状态),都可以按下快捷键使用此功能…
这个时候在程序中添加键盘监听肯定不能满足需求了,当用户焦点不在App上时(如最小化,或者用户在处理其它事物等等)键盘监听就失效了
二.怎样才能实现全局键盘监听?
这里需要用到Windows API,源码如下:(可以作为一个工具类[KeyboardHook.cs]收藏起来)
1 using System; 2 using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 3 using System.Windows.Forms; 4 //using System.Windows.Input; 5 6 namespace WpfApplication1 7 { 8 /// <summary> 9 /// 键盘钩子 10 /// [以下代码来自某网友,并非本人原创] 11 /// </summary> 12 class KeyboardHook 13 { 14 public event System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler KeyDownEvent; 15 public event KeyPressEventHandler KeyPressEvent; 16 public event System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler KeyUpEvent; 17 18 public delegate int HookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam); 19 static int hKeyboardHook = 0; //声明键盘钩子处理的初始值 20 //值在Microsoft SDK的Winuser.h里查询 21 // http://www.bianceng.cn/Programming/csharp/201410/45484.htm 22 public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; //线程键盘钩子监听鼠标消息设为2,全局键盘监听鼠标消息设为13 23 HookProc KeyboardHookProcedure; //声明KeyboardHookProcedure作为HookProc类型 24 //键盘结构 25 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 26 public class KeyboardHookStruct 27 { 28 public int vkCode; //定一个虚拟键码。该代码必须有一个价值的范围1至254 29 public int scanCode; // 指定的硬件扫描码的关键 30 public int flags; // 键标志 31 public int time; // 指定的时间戳记的这个讯息 32 public int dwExtraInfo; // 指定额外信息相关的信息 33 } 34 //使用此功能,安装了一个钩子 35 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] 36 public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId); 37 38 39 //调用此函数卸载钩子 40 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] 41 public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); 42 43 44 //使用此功能,通过信息钩子继续下一个钩子 45 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] 46 public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam); 47 48 // 取得当前线程编号(线程钩子需要用到) 49 [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] 50 static extern int GetCurrentThreadId(); 51 52 //使用WINDOWS API函数代替获取当前实例的函数,防止钩子失效 53 [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] 54 public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string name); 55 56 public void Start() 57 { 58 // 安装键盘钩子 59 if (hKeyboardHook == 0) 60 { 61 KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc); 62 hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, GetModuleHandle(System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.ModuleName), 0); 63 //hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); 64 //************************************ 65 //键盘线程钩子 66 //SetWindowsHookEx( 2,KeyboardHookProcedure, IntPtr.Zero, GetCurrentThreadId());//指定要监听的线程idGetCurrentThreadId(), 67 //键盘全局钩子,需要引用空间(using System.Reflection;) 68 //SetWindowsHookEx( 13,MouseHookProcedure,Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),0); 69 // 70 //关于SetWindowsHookEx (int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId)函数将钩子加入到钩子链表中,说明一下四个参数: 71 //idHook 钩子类型,即确定钩子监听何种消息,上面的代码中设为2,即监听键盘消息并且是线程钩子,如果是全局钩子监听键盘消息应设为13, 72 //线程钩子监听鼠标消息设为7,全局钩子监听鼠标消息设为14。lpfn 钩子子程的地址指针。如果dwThreadId参数为0 或是一个由别的进程创建的 73 //线程的标识,lpfn必须指向DLL中的钩子子程。 除此以外,lpfn可以指向当前进程的一段钩子子程代码。钩子函数的入口地址,当钩子钩到任何 74 //消息后便调用这个函数。hInstance应用程序实例的句柄。标识包含lpfn所指的子程的DLL。如果threadId 标识当前进程创建的一个线程,而且子 75 //程代码位于当前进程,hInstance必须为NULL。可以很简单的设定其为本应用程序的实例句柄。threaded 与安装的钩子子程相关联的线程的标识符 76 //如果为0,钩子子程与所有的线程关联,即为全局钩子 77 //************************************ 78 //如果SetWindowsHookEx失败 79 if (hKeyboardHook == 0) 80 { 81 Stop(); 82 throw new Exception("安装键盘钩子失败"); 83 } 84 } 85 } 86 public void Stop() 87 { 88 bool retKeyboard = true; 89 90 91 if (hKeyboardHook != 0) 92 { 93 retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook); 94 hKeyboardHook = 0; 95 } 96 97 if (!(retKeyboard)) throw new Exception("卸载钩子失败!"); 98 } 99 //ToAscii职能的转换指定的虚拟键码和键盘状态的相应字符或字符 100 [DllImport("user32")] 101 public static extern int ToAscii(int uVirtKey, //[in] 指定虚拟关键代码进行翻译。 102 int uScanCode, // [in] 指定的硬件扫描码的关键须翻译成英文。高阶位的这个值设定的关键,如果是(不压) 103 byte[] lpbKeyState, // [in] 指针,以256字节数组,包含当前键盘的状态。每个元素(字节)的数组包含状态的一个关键。如果高阶位的字节是一套,关键是下跌(按下)。在低比特,如果设置表明,关键是对切换。在此功能,只有肘位的CAPS LOCK键是相关的。在切换状态的NUM个锁和滚动锁定键被忽略。 104 byte[] lpwTransKey, // [out] 指针的缓冲区收到翻译字符或字符。 105 int fuState); // [in] Specifies whether a menu is active. This parameter must be 1 if a menu is active, or 0 otherwise. 106 107 //获取按键的状态 108 [DllImport("user32")] 109 public static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState); 110 111 112 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] 113 private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey); 114 115 private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;//KEYDOWN 116 private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;//KEYUP 117 private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;//SYSKEYDOWN 118 private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;//SYSKEYUP 119 120 private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) 121 { 122 // 侦听键盘事件 123 if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDownEvent != null || KeyUpEvent != null || KeyPressEvent != null)) 124 { 125 KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct)); 126 // raise KeyDown 127 if (KeyDownEvent != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)) 128 { 129 Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; 130 System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e = new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs(keyData); 131 KeyDownEvent(this, e); 132 } 133 134 //键盘按下 135 if (KeyPressEvent != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN) 136 { 137 byte[] keyState = new byte[256]; 138 GetKeyboardState(keyState); 139 140 byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2]; 141 if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode, MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1) 142 { 143 KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs((char)inBuffer[0]); 144 KeyPressEvent(this, e); 145 } 146 } 147 148 // 键盘抬起 149 if (KeyUpEvent != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)) 150 { 151 Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; 152 System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e = new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs(keyData); 153 KeyUpEvent(this, e); 154 } 155 156 } 157 //如果返回1,则结束消息,这个消息到此为止,不再传递。 158 //如果返回0或调用CallNextHookEx函数则消息出了这个钩子继续往下传递,也就是传给消息真正的接受者 159 return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); 160 } 161 ~KeyboardHook() 162 { 163 Stop(); 164 } 165 } 166 }
三.如何使用上面的工具类?
1 public partial class hook : Window 2 { 3 KeyboardHook k_hook; 4 public hook() 5 { 6 InitializeComponent(); 7 k_hook = new KeyboardHook(); 8 //k_hook.KeyDownEvent += new System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler(hook_KeyDown);//钩住键按下 9 k_hook.KeyPressEvent += K_hook_KeyPressEvent; 10 k_hook.Start();//安装键盘钩子 11 } 12 13 private void K_hook_KeyPressEvent(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e) 14 { 15 //tb1.Text += e.KeyChar; 16 int i = (int)e.KeyChar; 17 System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(i.ToString()); 18 } 19 20 private void hook_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) 21 { 22 tb1.Text += (char)e.KeyData; 23 24 25 //判断按下的键(Alt + A) 26 //if (e.KeyValue == (int)Keys.A && (int)System.Windows.Forms.Control.ModifierKeys == (int)Keys.Alt) 27 //{ 28 // System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("ddd"); 29 //} 30 } 31 32 private void Window_Unloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) 33 { 34 k_hook.Stop(); 35 } 36 }
//注意几种不同的键值判断:
//1>.单普通键(例如A)
//2>.单控制键+单普通键(例如Ctrl+A)
//3>.多控制键+单普通键(例如Ctrl+Alt+A)
//上面的代码中演示了2,其它情况以此类推,无非就是添几个条件再&&起来就好
四.使用全局键盘监听需要注意的问题(请读者朋友务必看看)
1.在应用程序中使用全局键盘监听,会被360发现,弹窗提示用户“有程序正在监听键盘输入,是否阻止?”
所以如果程序中必须要用Hook应该告诉用户不会泄露其信息等等
或者直接把App提交给360审核
否则杀软的提示会对用户体验造成极大的影响