C标准库--strcmp、strncmp函数

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-08 10:34:41 发布

金鸡湖

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-08 10:34:41 发布

阅读量660

点赞数

分类专栏： C标准库文章标签： c语言开发语言 string.h

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30536299/article/details/121297663

版权

C标准库专栏收录该内容

5 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍了C标准库中的strcmp和strncmp函数，包括它们的原型、功能、返回值及实现原理。strcmp用于比较两个字符串是否相等，而strncmp则允许指定比较的字符数，提供了一种安全的字符串比较方式。这两个函数在确定字符串匹配和建立字典顺序方面非常实用，但其返回结果可能因实现而异，因此在需要跨平台兼容性时，可能需要自定义比较函数。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

1、The strcmp function

1.1、Synopsis

#include <string.h>
int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);

1.2、Description

The strcmp function compares the string pointed to by s1 to the string pointed to by s2.

1.3、Returns

The strcmp function returns integer greater than, equal to, or less than zero, accordingly as the string pointed to by s1 is greater than, equal to, or les than the string pointed to by s2.

1.4、Implementing

/* strcmp function */
#include <string.h>

int (strcmp)(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{				/* compare unsigned char s1[], s2[] */
	for (; *s1 == *s2; ++s1, ++s2)
		if (*s1 == '\0')
			return 0;
	return ((* unsigned char *)s1 < * (unsigned char *)s2) ? -1 : +1);
}

1.5、Using

This function offers the quickest way to determine whether two null-terminateed strings match character for character. You can also use it to establish a lexical ordering between two strings, but that ordering can change among inolementations. If a portable result is important, you must write your own comparsion function, See strcoll and strxfrm.

2、The strcmp function

2.1、Synopsis

#include <string.h>
int strncmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);

2.2、Description

The strncmp function compares not more than n characters (characters that follow a null characters are not compared) from the array pointed to by s1 to the array pointed to by s2.

2.3、Returns

2.4、Implementing

/* strncmp function */
#include <string.h>

int (strncmp)(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n)
{				/* compare unsigned char s1[max n], s2[max n] */
	for (; 0 < n; ++s1, ++s2, --n)
		if (*s1 != *s2)
			return ((* (unsigned char *)s1 < *(unsigned char *) s2) ? -1 : =1);
		else if (*s1 == '\0')
			return (0);

	return (0);
}

2.5、Using

The function offers the quickest way to determine whether two character sequences of the same known length match character for character up to and including any null character in both. You can also use it to establish a lexical ordering between two such character swquences, but that ordering can change among implementations. If a portable resulet is important, you must write your own comparison fcunction.