随着Nginx高性能Web服务器大量被使用,目前Nginx最新稳定版为1.2.6,张宴兄在实际应用中大量使用Nginx,并分享Nginx高性能Web服务器知识,使得Nginx在国内也是飞速的发展。那今天咱们再来温习一下Nginx 动静分离知识,这里仅供参考。
一、实践环境:
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系统版本:CentOS6.
0
X86_64
Nginx版本:Nginx-
1.2
.
6
Tomcat版本:Tomcat-
6.0
.
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二、Nginx安装:
实际环境中安装Nginx,首先需要安装pcre库,然后再安装Nginx:
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#安装pcre支持rewrite库,也可以安装源码,注*安装源码时,指定pcre路径为解压源码的路径,而不是编译后的路径,否则会报错。
yum install pcre-devel pcre -y
#下载Nginx源码包
cd /usr/src ;wget -c http:
//nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
#解压Nginx源码包
tar -xzf nginx-
1.2
.
6
.tar.gz
#进入解压目录,然后sed修改Nginx版本信息为TDTWS
cd nginx-
1.2
.
6
; sed -i -e
's/1.2.6//g'
-e
's/nginx\//TDTWS/g'
-e
's/"NGINX"/"TDTWS"/g'
src/core/nginx.h
#预编译Nginx
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --
with
-http_stub_status_module --
with
-http_ssl_module
#.configure预编译成功后,执行make命令进行编译
make
#make执行成功后,执行make install 正式安装
make install
#自此Nginx安装完毕!!!
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三、配置Nginx:
这里鉴于我的51CTO博客已经有Tomcat安装和配置了,这里忽略,只配置Nginx。
#进入Nginx应用目录
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
#备份原nginx.conf文件
mv nginx.conf nginx.bak
创建 vi nginx.conf ,并写入如下内容:
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user www www;
worker_processes
8
;
worker_cpu_affinity
00000001
00000010
00000100
00001000
00010000
00100000
01000000
10000000
;
pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile
102400
;
events
{
use
epoll;
worker_connections
102400
;
}
http
{
include
mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
charset utf-
8
;
server_names_hash_bucket_size
128
;
client_header_buffer_size 4k;
large_client_header_buffers
4
32k;
client_max_body_size 300m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout
60
;
tcp_nodelay on;
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
proxy_connect_timeout
5
;
proxy_read_timeout
60
;
proxy_send_timeout
5
;
proxy_buffer_size 16k;
proxy_buffers
4
64k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers
4
16k;
gzip_http_version
1.1
;
gzip_comp_level
2
;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_
var
y on;
###
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change nginx logs
log_format main
'$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr'
;
#这里为后端服务器wugk应用集群配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可,tdt_wugk为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
#但必须跟vhosts.conf虚拟主机的pass段一致,否则不能转发后端的请求。
upstream tdt_wugk {
server
10.10
.
141.30
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.30
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.31
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.31
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.32
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.32
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
}
#这里为后端APP应用负载均衡配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可。tdt_app为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
upstream tdt_app {
server
10.10
.
141.40
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.40
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.41
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.41
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.42
:
8080
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
server
10.10
.
141.42
:
8081
weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
}
#
include
引用vhosts.conf,该文件主要用于配置Nginx 虚拟主机
include
vhosts.conf;
}
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如上nginx.conf配置完毕,继续配置nginx虚拟主机,继续在当前目录创建vhosts.conf
vi vhosts.conf 内容如下:
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####www.wuguangke.cn
server
{
listen
80
;
server_name www.wuguangke.cn;
index index.html index.htm;
#配置发布目录为/data/www/wugk
root /data/www/wugk;
location /
{
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http:
//tdt_wugk;
expires 3d;
}
#动态页面交给http:
//tdt_wugk,也即我们之前在nginx.conf定义的upstream tdt_wugk 均衡
location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
{
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http:
//tdt_wugk;
}
#配置Nginx动静分离,定义的静态页面直接从Nginx发布目录读取。
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
{
root /data/www/wugk;
#expires定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为
3
天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力
expires 3d;
}
#定义Nginx输出日志的路径
access_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/access.log main;
error_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/error.log crit;
}
##########chinaapp.sinaapp.com
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server
{
listen
80
;
server_name chinaapp.sinaapp.com;
index index.html index.htm;
root /data/www;
location /
{
proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http:
//tdt_app;
expires 3d;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
{
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http:
//tdt_app;
}
location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
{
root /data/www/app;
expires 3d;
}
access_log /data/logs/nginx_app/access.log main;
error_log /data/logs/nginx_app/error.log crit;
}
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四、部署测试:
后端配置好Tomcat服务,并启动,发布的程序需同步到Nginx的/data/www对应的目录,因为配置动静分离后,用户请求你定义的静态页面,默认会去nginx的发布目录请求,而不会到后端请求,所以这时候你要保证后端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用Rsync做服务端自动同步或者使用NFS、MFS分布式共享存储。
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#检查Nginx配置文件是否配置正确,提示Ok and successful表示正确,如下:
[root@WEB-
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-
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~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax
is
ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test
is
successful
#启动Nginx服务
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
#查看Nginx进程是否启动
ps -ef |grep nginx
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