UNP1:Linux下实现traceroute程序

这个程序敲得我快吐血了.....在敲代码和调试过程中遇到了N个纠结的问题.....我还差的远呢，继续努力~

-------------------------以下为正文--------------------------

traceroute程序，简单的说就是找到本地与目的地之间route节点。它的实现方法是通过不断发送ttl递增的请求包来实现。具体的原理可以参照TCP/IP详解，里面讲的很透彻~

以下为实现代码（相比书中做了一些改动）

trace.h

 1 #include<stdio.h>
 2 #include<sys/time.h>
 3 #include<errno.h>
 4 #include<signal.h>
 5 #include<time.h>
 6 #include<stdlib.h>
 7 #include<unistd.h>
 8 #include<netdb.h>
 9 #include<string.h>
10 #include<strings.h>
11 #include<sys/socket.h>
12 #include<arpa/inet.h>
13 #include<netinet/in_systm.h>
14 #include<netinet/ip.h>
15 #include<netinet/ip_icmp.h>
16 #include<netinet/udp.h>
17 #include<netinet/in_systm.h>
18 #define BUFSIZE 1500
19 struct rec{
20     u_short rec_seq;
21     u_short rec_ttl;
22     struct timeval rec_tv;
23 };
24 
25 char recvbuf[BUFSIZE];
26 char sendbuf[BUFSIZE];
27 
28 int datalen;
29 char *host;
30 u_short sport,dport;
31 int nsent;
32 pid_t pid;
33 int probe,nprobes;
34 int sendfd,recvfd;
35 int ttl,max_ttl;
36 int verbose;
37 
38 const char* icmpcode_v4(int);
39 int recv_v4(int,struct timeval*);
40 void sig_alrm(int);
41 void traceloop(void);
42 void tv_sub(struct timeval*,struct timeval*);
43 
44 struct proto{
45     const char*(*icmpcode)(int);
46     int (*recv)(int,struct timeval*);
47     struct sockaddr *sasend;    //dest addr, the destination
48     struct sockaddr *sarecv;    //recv addr, store who send the message
49     struct sockaddr *salast;
50     struct sockaddr *sabind;    //bind the source port
51     socklen_t salen;
52     int icmpproto;
53     int ttllevel;
54     int ttloptname;
55 }*pr;

main.c

 1 #include"trace.h"
 2 struct proto proto_v4={icmpcode_v4,recv_v4,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,0,IPPROTO_ICMP,IPPROTO_IP,IP_TTL};
 3 
 4 int datalen=sizeof(struct rec);
 5 int max_ttl=30;
 6 int nprobes=3;
 7 u_short dport=32768+666;//hope the port of dest is not used
 8 
 9 struct addrinfo *host_serv(const char *host,const char *serv,int family,int socktype){
10     int n;
11     struct addrinfo hints,*res;
12     bzero(&hints,sizeof(hints));
13     hints.ai_flags=AI_CANONNAME;
14     hints.ai_family=family;
15     hints.ai_socktype=socktype;
16     if((n=getaddrinfo(host,serv,&hints,&res))!=0){
17         return NULL;
18     }
19     return (res);
20 }
21 int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
22     int c;
23     struct addrinfo *ai;
24     struct sigaction s_action;
25     char h[20]={0};
26     while((c=getopt(argc,argv,"m:v"))!=-1){
27         switch(c){
28             case 'm':
29                 if((max_ttl=atoi(optarg))<0){
30                     printf("invalid input\n");
31                 }   
32                 break;
33             case 'v':
34                 verbose++;
35                 break;
36             case '?':
37                 printf("unrecognized\n");
38                 return -1; 
39         }   
40     }   
41     if(optind!=argc-1){
42         printf("error input\n");    
43         return -1; 
44     }  
45     host=argv[optind];
46 
47     pid=getpid();
48 
49     bzero(&s_action,sizeof(s_action));
50     s_action.sa_handler=sig_alrm;
51     s_action.sa_flags=SA_INTERRUPT;
52     sigaction(SIGALRM,&s_action,NULL);
53 
54 //  signal(SIGALRM,sig_alrm); 
55     ai=host_serv(host,NULL,0,0);
56     inet_ntop(AF_INET,&((struct sockaddr_in*)(ai->ai_addr))->sin_addr,h,sizeof(h));
57     printf("traceroute to %s (%s): %d hops max, %d data bytes\n",
58             ai->ai_canonname?ai->ai_canonname:h,h,max_ttl,datalen);
59 
60     if(ai->ai_family==AF_INET){
61         pr=&proto_v4;
62     }else{
63         printf("UNKNOW address family\n");
64         return -1;
65     }
66 
67     pr->sasend=ai->ai_addr;
68     pr->sarecv=(struct sockaddr*)calloc(1,ai->ai_addrlen);
69     pr->salast=(struct sockaddr*)calloc(1,ai->ai_addrlen);
70     pr->sabind=(struct sockaddr*)calloc(1,ai->ai_addrlen);
71     pr->salen=ai->ai_addrlen;
72     traceloop();
73     exit(0);
74 }

traceloop.c

这里udp结构里的成员按照书上的写法会出现错误。linux里对udp的定义不一样。

  1 //#define __FAVOR_BSD
  2 #include"trace.h"
  3 int gotalarm;
  4 const char *icmpcode_v4(int code){
  5     static char errbuf[100];
  6     switch(code){
  7         case 0:return("network unreachable");   
  8         case 1:return("host unreachable");
  9         case 2:return("protocol unreachable");
 10         case 3:return("port unreachable");  
 11         case 4:return("fragmentation required but DF bit set"); 
 12         case 5:return("source route failed");   
 13         case 6:return("destination network unknown");   
 14         case 7:return("destination host unknown");  
 15         case 8:return("source host isolated(obsolete)");    
 16         case 9:return("destination network administartively prohibited");
 17         case 10:return("destination host administartively prohibited"); 
 18         case 11:return("network unreachable for TOS");  
 19         case 12:return("host unreachable for TOS"); 
 20         case 13:return("communication error");  
 21         case 14:return("host recedenc violation");  
 22         case 15:return("precedence cutoff in effect");  
 23         default:sprintf(errbuf,"unknown code %d",code);
 24     }   
 25     return errbuf;  
 26 }
 27 void sig_alrm(int signo){
 28     gotalarm=1;
 29     return;
 30 }
 31 void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in){
 32     if((out->tv_usec-=in->tv_usec)<0){
 33         --out->tv_sec;
 34         out->tv_sec+=1000000;
 35     }   
 36     out->tv_sec-=in->tv_sec;
 37 }
 38 void traceloop(void){
 39     int seq,code,done;
 40     double rtt;
 41     struct rec *rec;
 42     struct timeval tvrecv;
 43     if((recvfd=socket(pr->sasend->sa_family,SOCK_RAW,pr->icmpproto))<0){
 44         printf("recvfd:socket failed\n");
 45         return;
 46     }
 47     setuid(getuid());
 48     if((sendfd=socket(pr->sasend->sa_family,SOCK_DGRAM,0))<0){
 49         printf("sendfd:socket failed\n");
 50         return;
 51     }
 52 
 53     pr->sabind->sa_family=pr->sasend->sa_family;
 54     sport=(getpid()&0xffff) | 0x8000;
 55     ((struct sockaddr_in*)pr->sabind)->sin_port=htons(sport);
 56 
 57     if(bind(sendfd,pr->sabind,pr->salen)<0){
 58         printf("bind error\n");
 59         return;
 60     }
 61 
 62     sig_alrm(SIGALRM);
 63     seq=0;
 64     done=0;
 65     for(ttl=1;ttl<=max_ttl&&done==0;ttl++){
 66         setsockopt(sendfd,pr->ttllevel,pr->ttloptname,&ttl,sizeof(int));//modify ttl
 67         bzero(pr->salast,pr->salen);
 68         printf("%2d ",ttl);
 69         fflush(stdout);
 70         for(probe=0;probe<nprobes;probe++){
 71             /*
 72             *these sendbuf is just
 73             *used to exam if the received data is sended by our program 
 74             */
 75             rec=(struct rec*)sendbuf;
 76             rec->rec_seq=++seq;
 77             rec->rec_ttl=ttl;
 78 
 79             gettimeofday(&rec->rec_tv,NULL);
 80             ((struct sockaddr_in*)pr->sasend)->sin_port=htons(dport+seq);
 81             if(sendto(sendfd,sendbuf,datalen,0,pr->sasend,pr->salen)<0){//send to dest with ttl added
 82                 perror("bad sendto");
 83                 continue;
 84             }
 85 
 86             //if time_out print * else print info
 87             if((code=(*pr->recv)(seq,&tvrecv))==-3){
 88                 printf(" *");
 89             }else{
 90                 char str[NI_MAXHOST];
 91                 if(memcmp(pr->sarecv,pr->salast,pr->salen)!=0){
 92                     if(getnameinfo(pr->sarecv,pr->salen,str,sizeof(str),NULL,0,0)==0){
 93                         printf(" %s (%s)",str,inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in*)pr->sarecv)->sin_addr));
 94                     }else{
 95                         printf(" %s",inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in*)pr->sarecv)->sin_addr));
 96                     }
 97                     memcpy(pr->salast,pr->sarecv,pr->salen);
 98                 }
 99                 tv_sub(&tvrecv,&rec->rec_tv);
100                 rtt=tvrecv.tv_sec*1000.0+tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;
101                 printf("  %.3f ms",rtt);
102 
103                 if(code==-1){   //reach the dest
104                     done++;
105                 }else if(code>0){
106                     printf(" (ICMP %s)",(*pr->icmpcode)(code));
107                 }
108             }
109             fflush(stdout);
110         }
111         printf("\n");
112     }
113 }
114 int recv_v4(int seq,struct timeval *tv){
115     int hlen1,hlen2,icmplen,ret;
116     socklen_t len;
117     ssize_t n;
118     struct ip *ip,*hip;
119     struct icmp *icmp;
120     struct udphdr *udp;
121 
122     gotalarm=0;
123     for(;;){
124         if(gotalarm){
125             return -3;
126         }
127         len=pr->salen;
128         alarm(3);
129         n=recvfrom(recvfd,recvbuf,sizeof(recvbuf),0,pr->sarecv,&len);//data len
130         if(n<0){
131             if(errno==EINTR){
132                 continue;
133             }else{
134                 printf("recvfrom error\n");
135                 return 0;
136             }
137         }else{
138             //if recvfrom ok , close the alarm
139             alarm(0);
140         }
141 
142         //read data
143         ip=(struct ip*)recvbuf;
144         hlen1=ip->ip_hl<<2;//ip len
145         icmp=(struct icmp*)(recvbuf+hlen1);
146         if((icmplen=n-hlen1)<8){
147             continue;
148         }
149         if(icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_TIMXCEED&&
150            icmp->icmp_code==ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS){
151             if(icmplen<8+sizeof(struct ip)){
152                 continue;
153             }
154             //get icmp data
155             hip=(struct ip*)(recvbuf+hlen1+8);
156             hlen2=hip->ip_hl<<2;
157             if(icmplen<8+hlen2+4){
158                 continue;
159             }
160             udp=(struct udphdr *)(recvbuf+hlen1+8+hlen2);
161             if(hip->ip_p==IPPROTO_UDP&&
162                udp->source==htons(sport)&&
163                udp->dest==htons(dport+seq)){
164                 ret=-2;
165                 break;
166             }
167         }else if(icmp->icmp_type==ICMP_UNREACH){
168             if(icmplen<8+sizeof(struct ip))
169                 continue;
170             hip=(struct ip*)(recvbuf+hlen1+8);
171             hlen2=hip->ip_hl<<2;
172             if(icmplen<8+hlen2+4)
173                 continue;
174             udp=(struct udphdr*)(recvbuf+hlen1+8+hlen2);
175             if(hip->ip_p==IPPROTO_UDP&&
176                udp->source==htons(sport)&&
177                udp->dest==htons(dport+seq)){
178                 if(icmp->icmp_code==ICMP_UNREACH_PORT)
179                     ret=-1;     //reach the destination
180                 else
181                     ret=icmp->icmp_code;
182                 break;
183             }
184         }
185     }
186     gettimeofday(tv,NULL);
187     return ret;
188 }

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/aLittleBitCool/archive/2011/09/20/2182760.html