crt0.S(_main)代码分析

crt0,S(_main)代码分析
---

1. 设置sp寄存器地址

//设置SP栈指针
#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
    ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)
#else
    ldr sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)
#endif

//设置地址八位对齐
#if defined(CONFIG_CPU_V7M) /* v7M forbids using SP as BIC destination*/
    mov r3, sp             
    bic r3, r3, #7         //* 后三位清零相当于堆栈地址八位对齐
    mov sp, r3               
#else
    bic sp, sp, #7  /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */   
#endif

2. 在栈中为全局变量gd分配空间

// r0寄存器传递函数的参数
mov r0, sp
bl  board_init_f_alloc_reserve  //在栈中为全局数据分配空间
mov sp, r0      
//函数调用后返回值在r0中，将其保存到sp寄存器中  
//根据下面的board_init_f_alloc_reserve函数
//函数返回值为分配gb后的指针位置

board_init_f_alloc_reserve函数原型如下：

ulong board_init_f_alloc_reserve(ulong top)
{
    //将栈顶指针传进来，栈顶指针减去全局变量的长度意味着数据入栈，即在栈里预留变量存储空间。
    /* Reserve early malloc arena */
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F)
    top -= CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN;
#endif
    /* LAST : reserve GD (rounded up to a multiple of 16 bytes) */
    top = rounddown(top-sizeof(struct global_data), 16);
    return top;
}

3. 在栈中gd空间清零

    mov r9, r0  //将栈顶指针存到r9寄存器里面,方便后续设置gd指针
    bl  board_init_f_init_reserve   //全局数据全部清零

board_init_f_init_reserve 函数定义如下：

void board_init_f_init_reserve(ulong base)
{
    struct global_data *gd_ptr;
#ifndef _USE_MEMCPY
    int *ptr;
#endif

    /*
     * clear GD entirely and set it up.
     * Use gd_ptr, as gd may not be properly set yet.
     * 清除GD分配空间
     */
    
    gd_ptr = (struct global_data *)base;
    /* zero the area */
#ifdef _USE_MEMCPY
    memset(gd_ptr, '\0', sizeof(*gd));  //全局数据区全部清零
#else
    for (ptr = (int *)gd_ptr; ptr < (int *)(gd_ptr + 1); )
        *ptr++ = 0;
#endif

    /* set GD unless architecture did it already */
#if !defined(CONFIG_ARM)
    arch_setup_gd(gd_ptr);
#endif
    /* next alloc will be higher by one GD plus 16-byte alignment */
    base += roundup(sizeof(struct global_data), 16);

    /*
     * record early malloc arena start.
     * Use gd as it is now properly set for all architectures.
     */

#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F)
    /* go down one 'early malloc arena' */
    gd->malloc_base = base;
    /* next alloc will be higher by one 'early malloc arena' size */
    base += CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_F_LEN;
#endif
}

4. 调用board_init_f，初始化各种硬件

    mov r0, #0
    bl  board_init_f    // jump to ==> board_f.c

在board_init_f函数中所进行的主要操作如下，其中init_sequence_f[ ]是一个数组，其内容为一系列初始化函数，在函数initcall_run_list中依次调用init_sequence_f数组的各个初始化函数。

void board_init_f(ulong boot_flags)
{
    //此处省略多行代码
    gd->flags = boot_flags;
    gd->have_console = 0;
    //通过调用initcall_run_list函数，执行各项初始化   
    if (initcall_run_list(init_sequence_f)) 
        hang();
}

initcall_run_list函数如下：

int initcall_run_list(const init_fnc_t init_sequence[])
{   
    const init_fnc_t *init_fnc_ptr;
    for (init_fnc_ptr = init_sequence; *init_fnc_ptr; ++init_fnc_ptr) {
        int ret;
        //此处省略很多代码
        //通过函数指针依次调用数组内函数
        ret = (*init_fnc_ptr)();        
    }
return 0;
}

数组init_sequence_f[ ]定义如下，每个成员为一个函数指针，函数参数为void，返回类型为int

static init_fnc_t init_sequence_f[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_SANDBOX
    setup_ram_buf,
#endif
    setup_mon_len,
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_CONTROL
    fdtdec_setup,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE
    trace_early_init,
#endif
    initf_malloc,
    initf_console_record,
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC85xx) || defined(CONFIG_MPC86xx)
    /* TODO: can this go into arch_cpu_init()? */
    probecpu,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_X86) && defined(CONFIG_HAVE_FSP)
    x86_fsp_init,
#endif
    arch_cpu_init,      /* basic arch cpu dependent setup */
    mach_cpu_init,      /* SoC/machine dependent CPU setup */
    initf_dm,
    arch_cpu_init_dm,
    mark_bootstage,     /* need timer, go after init dm */
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_EARLY_INIT_F)
    board_early_init_f,
#endif
    /* TODO: can any of this go into arch_cpu_init()? */
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) && !defined(CONFIG_8xx_CPUCLK_DEFAULT)
    get_clocks,     /* get CPU and bus clocks (etc.) */
#if defined(CONFIG_TQM8xxL) && !defined(CONFIG_TQM866M) \
        && !defined(CONFIG_TQM885D)
    adjust_sdram_tbs_8xx,
#endif
    /* TODO: can we rename this to timer_init()? */
    init_timebase,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_ARM) || defined(CONFIG_MIPS) || \
        defined(CONFIG_BLACKFIN) || defined(CONFIG_NDS32) || \
        defined(CONFIG_SH) || defined(CONFIG_SPARC)
    timer_init,     /* initialize timer */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_ALLOC_DPRAM
#if !defined(CONFIG_CPM2)
    dpram_init,
#endif
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_POSTCLK_INIT)
    board_postclk_init,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_FSL_CLK) || defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    get_clocks,
#endif
    env_init,       /* initialize environment */
#if defined(CONFIG_8xx_CPUCLK_DEFAULT)
    /* get CPU and bus clocks according to the environment variable */
    get_clocks_866,
    /* adjust sdram refresh rate according to the new clock */
    sdram_adjust_866,
    init_timebase,
#endif
    init_baud_rate,     /* initialze baudrate settings */
    serial_init,        /* serial communications setup */
    console_init_f,     /* stage 1 init of console */
#ifdef CONFIG_SANDBOX
    sandbox_early_getopt_check,
#endif
    display_options,    /* say that we are here */
    display_text_info,  /* show debugging info if required */
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC8260)
    prt_8260_rsr,
    prt_8260_clks,
#endif /* CONFIG_MPC8260 */
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC83xx)
    prt_83xx_rsr,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_M68K) || defined(CONFIG_SH)
    checkcpu,
#endif
    print_cpuinfo,      /* display cpu info (and speed) */
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC5xxx)
    prt_mpc5xxx_clks,
#endif /* CONFIG_MPC5xxx */
#if defined(CONFIG_DTB_RESELECT)
    embedded_dtb_select,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO)
    show_board_info,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_INIT
#if defined(CONFIG_MISC_INIT_F)
    misc_init_f,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#if defined(CONFIG_HARD_I2C) || defined(CONFIG_SYS_I2C)
    init_func_i2c,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_HARD_SPI)
    init_func_spi,
#endif
    announce_dram_init,
    /* TODO: unify all these dram functions? */
#if defined(CONFIG_ARM) || defined(CONFIG_X86) || defined(CONFIG_NDS32) || \
        defined(CONFIG_MICROBLAZE) || defined(CONFIG_AVR32) || \
        defined(CONFIG_SH)
    dram_init,      /* configure available RAM banks */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MIPS) || defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    init_func_ram,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_POST
    post_init_f,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
#if defined(CONFIG_SYS_DRAM_TEST)
    testdram,
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_DRAM_TEST */
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET

#ifdef CONFIG_POST
    init_post,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    /*
     * Now that we have DRAM mapped and working, we can
     * relocate the code and continue running from DRAM.
     *
     * Reserve memory at end of RAM for (top down in that order):
     *  - area that won't get touched by U-Boot and Linux (optional)
     *  - kernel log buffer
     *  - protected RAM
     *  - LCD framebuffer
     *  - monitor code
     *  - board info struct
     */
    setup_dest_addr,
#if defined(CONFIG_BLACKFIN) || defined(CONFIG_XTENSA)
    /* Blackfin u-boot monitor should be on top of the ram */
    reserve_uboot,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_SPARC)
    reserve_prom,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_LOGBUFFER) && !defined(CONFIG_ALT_LB_ADDR)
    reserve_logbuffer,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PRAM
    reserve_pram,
#endif
    reserve_round_4k,
#if !(defined(CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_OFF) && defined(CONFIG_SYS_DCACHE_OFF)) && \
        defined(CONFIG_ARM)
    reserve_mmu,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DM_VIDEO
    reserve_video,
#else
# ifdef CONFIG_LCD
    reserve_lcd,
# endif
    /* TODO: Why the dependency on CONFIG_8xx? */
# if defined(CONFIG_VIDEO) && (!defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_8xx)) && \
        !defined(CONFIG_ARM) && !defined(CONFIG_X86) && \
        !defined(CONFIG_BLACKFIN) && !defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    reserve_legacy_video,
# endif
#endif /* CONFIG_DM_VIDEO */
    reserve_trace,
#if !defined(CONFIG_BLACKFIN) && !defined(CONFIG_XTENSA)
    reserve_uboot,
#endif
#ifndef CONFIG_SPL_BUILD
    reserve_malloc,
    reserve_board,
#endif
    setup_machine,
    reserve_global_data,
    reserve_fdt,
    reserve_arch,
    reserve_stacks,
    setup_dram_config,
    show_dram_config,
#if defined(CONFIG_M68K) || defined(CONFIG_MIPS) || defined(CONFIG_PPC) || \
    defined(CONFIG_SH)
    setup_board_part1,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_M68K)
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    setup_board_part2,
#endif
    display_new_sp,
#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_EXTBDINFO
    setup_board_extra,
#endif
    INIT_FUNC_WATCHDOG_RESET
    reloc_fdt,
    setup_reloc,
#if defined(CONFIG_X86) || defined(CONFIG_ARC)
    copy_uboot_to_ram,
    clear_bss,
    do_elf_reloc_fixups,
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_XTENSA)
    clear_bss,
#endif
#if !defined(CONFIG_ARM) && !defined(CONFIG_SANDBOX)
    jump_to_copy,
#endif
    NULL,
};

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gexin/p/7281633.html