java nio 文件拷贝_Java 复制大文件方式(nio2 FileChannel 拷贝文件能力测试)

目前为止,我们已经学习了很多 Java 拷贝文件的方式,除了 FileChannel 提供的方法外,还包括使用 Files.copy() 或使用字节数组的缓冲/非缓冲流。那个才是最好的选择呢?这个问题很难回答,因为答案基于很多因素。本文将目光集中到一个因素,那就是速度,因为拷贝任务 越快将会提高效率,在有些情况下,这是成功的关键。因此,本文将使用一个应用程序来比较下面这些拷贝方式的具体时间:

FileChannel 和非直接模式的 ByteBuffer

FileChannel 和直接模式的 ByteBuffer

FileChannel.transferTo()

FileChannel.transferFrom()

FileChannel.map()

使用字节数组和缓冲流

使用字节数组和非缓冲流

File.copy()(Path 到 Path,InputStream 到 Path 和 Path 到 OutputStream)

应用程序基于下面的条件:

拷贝文件类型 MP4 视频(文件名为 Rafa Best Shots.mp4,所在目录为 C:\rafaelnadal\tournaments\2009\videos)

文件大小:58.3MB

测试的缓冲区大小:4KB, 16KB, 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB, and 1024KB

机器配置:Mobile AMD Sempron Processor 3400 + 1.80 GHz, 1.00GB RAM, 32-bit

OS, Windows 7 Ultimate

测量类型:使用 System.nanoTime() 方法

连续运行三次后再获取时间;前三次运行将会被忽略。开始运行的时间总会比后面运行的时间要长一些。

下面将列出完整的应用程序:

import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

import java.nio.file.Files;

import java.nio.file.Path;

import java.nio.file.Paths;

import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

import java.util.EnumSet;

import static java.nio.file.LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS;

public class Main {

public static void deleteCopied(Path path){

try {

Files.deleteIfExists(path);

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

final Path copy_from = Paths.get("C:/rafaelnadal/tournaments/2009/videos/

Rafa Best Shots.mp4");

final Path copy_to = Paths.get("C:/Rafa Best Shots.mp4");

long startTime, elapsedTime;

int bufferSizeKB = 4; //also tested for 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 and 1024

int bufferSize = bufferSizeKB * 1024;

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//FileChannel and non-direct buffer

System.out.println("Using FileChannel and non-direct buffer ...");

try (FileChannel fileChannel_from = (FileChannel.open(copy_from,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.READ)));

FileChannel fileChannel_to = (FileChannel.open(copy_to,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

// Allocate a non-direct ByteBuffer

ByteBuffer bytebuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferSize);

// Read data from file into ByteBuffer

int bytesCount;

while ((bytesCount = fileChannel_from.read(bytebuffer)) > 0) {

//flip the buffer which set the limit to current position, and position to 0

bytebuffer.flip();

//write data from ByteBuffer to file

fileChannel_to.write(bytebuffer);

//for the next read

bytebuffer.clear();

}

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//FileChannel and direct buffer

System.out.println("Using FileChannel and direct buffer ...");

try (FileChannel fileChannel_from = (FileChannel.open(copy_from,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.READ)));

FileChannel fileChannel_to = (FileChannel.open(copy_to,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

// Allocate a direct ByteBuffer

ByteBuffer bytebuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bufferSize);

// Read data from file into ByteBuffer

int bytesCount;

while ((bytesCount = fileChannel_from.read(bytebuffer)) > 0) {

//flip the buffer which set the limit to current position, and position to 0

bytebuffer.flip();

//write data from ByteBuffer to file

fileChannel_to.write(bytebuffer);

//for the next read

bytebuffer.clear();

}

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//FileChannel.transferTo()

System.out.println("Using FileChannel.transferTo method ...");

try (FileChannel fileChannel_from = (FileChannel.open(copy_from,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.READ)));

FileChannel fileChannel_to = (FileChannel.open(copy_to,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

fileChannel_from.transferTo(0L, fileChannel_from.size(), fileChannel_to);

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//FileChannel.transferFrom()

System.out.println("Using FileChannel.transferFrom method ...");

try (FileChannel fileChannel_from = (FileChannel.open(copy_from,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.READ)));

FileChannel fileChannel_to = (FileChannel.open(copy_to,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

fileChannel_to.transferFrom(fileChannel_from, 0L, (int) fileChannel_from.size());

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//FileChannel.map

System.out.println("Using FileChannel.map method ...");

try (FileChannel fileChannel_from = (FileChannel.open(copy_from,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.READ)));

FileChannel fileChannel_to = (FileChannel.open(copy_to,

EnumSet.of(StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW, StandardOpenOption.WRITE)))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

MappedByteBuffer buffer = fileChannel_from.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY,

0, fileChannel_from.size());

fileChannel_to.write(buffer);

buffer.clear();

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

//Buffered Stream I/O

System.out.println("Using buffered streams and byte array ...");

File inFileStr = copy_from.toFile();

File outFileStr = copy_to.toFile();

try (BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(inFileStr));

BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(outFileStr))) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

byte[] byteArray = new byte[bufferSize];

int bytesCount;

while ((bytesCount = in.read(byteArray)) != -1) {

out.write(byteArray, 0, bytesCount);

}

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

System.out.println("Using un-buffered streams and byte array ...");

try (FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(inFileStr);

FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outFileStr)) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

byte[] byteArray = new byte[bufferSize];

int bytesCount;

while ((bytesCount = in.read(byteArray)) != -1) {

out.write(byteArray, 0, bytesCount);

}

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException ex) {

System.err.println(ex);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

System.out.println("Using Files.copy (Path to Path) method ...");

try {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

Files.copy(copy_from, copy_to, NOFOLLOW_LINKS);

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println(e);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

System.out.println("Using Files.copy (InputStream to Path) ...");

try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(copy_from.toFile())) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

Files.copy(is, copy_to);

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println(e);

}

deleteCopied(copy_to);

System.out.println("Using Files.copy (Path to OutputStream) ...");

try (OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(copy_to.toFile())) {

startTime = System.nanoTime();

Files.copy(copy_from, os);

elapsedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;

System.out.println("Elapsed Time is " + (elapsedTime / 1000000000.0) + " seconds");

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.println(e);

}

}

}

输出结果排序比较复杂,其中包含了很多数据。下面我将主要的对比用图形的方式展示出来。图形中 Y 坐标表示消耗的时间(单位:秒),X 坐标表示缓冲的大小(或运行次数,跳过了前三次运行)。

FileChannel 和非直接模式 Buffer vs. FileChannel 和直接模式 Buffer

从下图看来,如果缓存小于 256KB,那么非直接模式的 Buffer 快一点,而缓存大于 256KB 后,直接模式的 Buffer 快一点:

8a17782f094e4b3cab0364dd40714e85.png

FileChannel.transferTo() vs. FileChannel.transferFrom() vs. FileChannel.map()

从下图看来,FileChannel.transferTo() 和 FileChannel.transferFrom 运行七次的速度都差不多,而 FileChannel.map 的速度就要差很多:

0a78958a7821c9f914771353b3084806.png

三种 Files.copy() 方法

从下图看来,最快的是 Path 到 Path,其次是 Path 到 OutputStream,最慢的是 InputStream 到 Path:

e49cd02f81910a01d036ed26816f24a6.png

FileChannel 和非直接模式 Buffer vs. FileChannel.transferTo() vs. Path 到 Path

最后,我们将前面最快的三种方式综合起来比较。从比较的结果来看,似乎 Path 到 Path 是最快的解决方案:

1eb7e538bf384002e3d00e1a09015519.png

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