sample(x,size,replace=FALSE,prob=NULL)
x 随机样本的向量
size 抽取样本的数量
replace 重复抽样与否,FALSE不放回,TRUE(T)放回
prob 等可能事件与否,NULL表示等可能,prob=y,y为和x中各个向量对应的概率
1)52张牌中随机抽4张,不放回、放回
> sample(52,4)
[1] 40 30 49 25
> sample(52,4, replace=T)
[1] 45 9 5 6
2)一枚硬币随机抛10次,正面和反面的随机模拟
> sample(c("Z","F"), 10, replace=T)
[1] "F" "Z" "F" "Z" "F" "F" "Z" "F" "F" "F"
> sample(c("Z","F"), 10, replace=T)
[1] "Z" "F" "F" "Z" "Z" "F" "Z" "F" "Z" "Z"
3)10次手术成功的概率为0.8的随机模拟
> sample(c(0,1), 10, replace=T, prob=c(0.2,0.8))
[1] 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
> sample(c(0,1), 10, replace=T, prob=c(0.2,0.8))
[1] 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1