读《C程序设计语言》笔记4

练习2-1：

　　编写一个程序以确定分别由signed及unsigned限定的char、short、int及long类型变量的取值范围。采用打印标准头文件中的相应值以及直接计算两种方式实现：

　　采用打印标准头文件中的相应值：　

1 #include < stdio.h >
2 #include < limits.h >
3 // determine ranges of types
4 int main()
5 {
6 printf( " 采用打印标准头文件limits.h中的相应值：\n " );
7 // signed types
8 printf( " signed char min = %d\n " , SCHAR_MIN);
9 printf( " signed char max = %d\n " , SCHAR_MAX);
10 printf( " signed short min = %d\n " , SHRT_MIN);
11 printf( " signed short max = %d\n " , SHRT_MAX);
12 printf( " signed int min = %d\n " , INT_MIN);
13 printf( " signed int max = %d\n " , INT_MAX);
14 printf( " signed long min = %ld\n " , LONG_MIN);
15 printf( " signed long max = %ld\n " , LONG_MAX);
16 // unsigned types
17 printf( " unsigned char max = %u\n " , UCHAR_MAX);
18 printf( " unsigned short max = %u\n " , USHRT_MAX);
19 printf( " unsigned int max = %u\n " , UINT_MAX);
20 printf( " unsigned long max = %lu\n " , ULONG_MAX);
21 system( " pause " );
22 return 0 ;
23 }

　　执行结果：

　　这种实现方式没有什么需要讨论的，只需要知道相应的头文件和变量名称。

直接计算：

　　

1 #include < stdio.h >
2 // determine ranges of types
3 int main()
4 {
5 printf( " 采用直接计算的方式：\n " );
6 // signed types
7 printf( " signed char min = %d\n " , - ( char )((unsigned char ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
8 printf( " signed char max = %d\n " , ( char )((unsigned char ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
9 printf( " signed short min = %d\n " , - ( short )((unsigned short ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
10 printf( " signed short max = %d\n " , ( short )((unsigned short ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
11 printf( " signed int min = %d\n " , - ( int )((unsigned int ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
12 printf( " signed int max = %d\n " , ( int )((unsigned int ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
13 printf( " signed long min = %ld\n " , - ( long )((unsigned long ) ~ 0 >> 1 ) - 1 );
14 printf( " signed long max = %ld\n " , ( long )((unsigned long ) ~ 0 >> 1 ));
15 // unsigned types
16 printf( " unsigned char max = %u\n " , (unsigned char ) ~ 0 );
17 printf( " unsigned short max = %u\n " , (unsigned short ) ~ 0 );
18 printf( " unsigned int max = %u\n " , (unsigned int ) ~ 0 );
19 printf( " unsigned long max = %lu\n " , (unsigned long ) ~ 0 );
20 system( " pause " );
21 return 0 ;
22 }

　执行结果：

　　

小结：

　　利用按位运算符进行计算。表达式：(char)((unsigned char)~0>>1)

　　先把数字0的各个二进制位全部转换为1：取反，~0

　　然后，将结果值转换为unsigned char类型：(unsigned char)~0

　　再把这个unsigned char类型值右移一位以清除符号位：(unsigned char)~0 >> 1

　　最后，把它转换为char类型：(char)((unsigned char)~0>>1)

　　这一系列操作的最终结果就得到了signed类型字符的最大值。

　　而其signed类型字符的最小值加负号后还需减去1才是最小值。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangzhiyu811/archive/2011/07/12/2104377.html