ubuntu mysql主从备份_Ubuntu 16 MySQL主从备份配置

环境准备

机器准备

master 192.168.1.101

slave 192.168.1.102

操作系统 Ubuntu 16

MySQL版本5.7

配置文件说明

Ubuntu中mysql配置文件在/etc/mysql可以找到其结构如下

/etc/mysql

├── conf.d

│ ├── mysql.cnf

│ └── mysqldump.cnf

├── debian.cnf #自动生成的系统脚本，不要动它

├── debian-start #5.7前该脚本用于检查奔溃的表和无密码的账户,5.7以后只是个空脚本

├── my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf #全局配置文件

├── my.cnf.fallback #用于回退全局配置文件

├── mysql.cnf

└── mysql.conf.d

├── mysqld.cnf #配置的模板，可以拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf和~/.my.cnf

└── mysqld_safe_syslog.cnf #系统日志配置如果需要定制则注释该文件配置再my.cnf中配置

配置文件加载顺序

#使用下面命令查看

/usr/sbin/mysqld --verbose --help | grep -A -1 2 'Default options'

可以查看到如下内容，指明配置文件加载顺序如下/etc/my.cnf、/etc/mysql/my.cnf、~/.my.cnf

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

在my.cnf文件中存在如下两句话，表示配置包含!includedir文件夹中的配置

...

!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

Master 配置

配置参数文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=1 #服务ID需要确保唯一性

log-bin=mysql-bin #指定日志目录 ubuntu 默认 /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin目录

#使事务的复制中尽最大可能的保证持久性和一致性

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

#事务日志直接写入文件，性能降低，但高可靠

sync_binlog=1

重启master

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

Master中创建用于同步的账号

CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.1.102' IDENTIFIED BY 'slavepass';

GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.1.102';

Master中获取二进制日志坐标

--master加锁

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;

--查看master状态信息

SHOW MASTER STATUS;

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | |--|--|--|--|--| |mysql-bin.000001|619|-|-|-|

Slave 配置

配置参数文件/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=2

重启Slave

/etc/init.d/mysql restart

Master中释放锁

UNLOCK TABLES;

Slave 配置主站信息

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='slavepass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=619;

Slave中开启同步

mysql> START SLAVE;

测试

查看slave同步状态

show slave status\G

其中Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running均为YES表示slave已经启动同步

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.1.101

Master_User: repl

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 619

Relay_Log_File: iZuf60xdp6y5avwotnjkm9Z-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 320

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154

Relay_Log_Space: 545

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

Master_UUID:

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

master配置要同步的数据库 创建测试库和表

create database test;

use test;

create table a(a int);

插入测试数据

insert into a(a)alues(1);

insert into a(a)alues(2);

insert into a(a)alues(3);

slave上查看是否进行了同步

show databases;

use test;

select * from a;

得到结果

|a| |--| |1| |2| |3|

总结

本文是最简单的主从配置，一些高级特性需要参考MySQL手册进行定制，请读者自行查阅。