Spring和Spring MVC框架进行单元测试

如何对Spring及Spring MVC框架进行单元测试?

JUnit中提供了支持

主要分为三种那个方式：

1.直接对spring中注入的bean进行测试(以DAO为例)

这个可以用来测试除Controller之外的单元

 1 package service; 
 2 import static org.Junit.Assert.assertEquals; 
 3  
 4 import org.Junit.Test; 
 5 import org.Junit.runner.RunWith; 
 6 import org.Springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
 7 import org.Springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; 
 8 import org.Springframework.test.context.Junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; 
 9 import org.Springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; 
10  
11 import domain.Account; 
12  
13 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 
14 @ContextConfiguration("/config/Spring-db1.xml") 
15 @Transactional 
16 public class AccountServiceTest1 { 
17     @Autowired 
18     private AccountService service; 
19     
20     @Test 
21     public void testGetAcccountById() { 
22 Account acct = Account.getAccount(1, "user01", 18, "M"); 
23         service.insertIfNotExist(acct); 
24         Account acct2 = service.getAccountById(1); 
25         assertEquals(acct,acct2); 
26     } 
27 }

推荐阅读博文

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-springunitest/

---

2.对springMVC进行测试，使用Mock。

Mock有2种常用的方式：1. 使用Spring MVC自带的Mock；2.使用Mockito。

http://www.cnblogs.com/jiaoyiping/p/4251759.html 中使用了SpringMVC自带的Mock org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc 类，对SpringMVC进行测试。

该文中还介绍了另外一种基于 org.jboss.resteasy.core.Dispatcher类的测试方式。

该方法模拟发出HTTP请求，对Spring MVC进行测试。

 1 package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller;
 2 
 3 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService;
 4 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService;
 5 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService;
 6 import org.junit.Before;
 7 import org.junit.Test;
 8 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 9 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
10 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
11 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
12 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
13 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
14 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
15 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
16 
17 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
18 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
19 
20 /**
21  * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
22  * User: 1481706
23  * Date: 5/16/17
24  * Time: 7:36 AM
25  * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
26  */
27 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
28 @WebAppConfiguration
29 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})
30 public class StaticControllerTest {
31 
32     private MockMvc mockMvc;
33 
34     @Autowired
35     private org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext context;
36 
37     @Autowired
38     private StaticController staticController;
39 
40     @Before
41     public void before(){
42         mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();
43     }
44 
45     @Test
46     public void testFileTransfer(){
47         System.out.println();
48         try {
49             ResultActions actions = this.mockMvc.perform(get("/TestTransfer"));
50             System.out.println(status());
51             System.out.println(content().toString());
52         } catch (Exception e) {
53             e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
54         }
55     }
56 
57 }

现在大多数推荐的方式是Mockito，在下一节中，我们会详细讨论Mockito。

 1 package com.scb.jason.filetrans.controller;
 2 
 3 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.FileTransferService;
 4 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.HandleExceptionService;
 5 import com.scb.jason.filetrans.service.JobSchedulerService;
 6 import org.junit.Before;
 7 import org.junit.Test;
 8 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 9 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
10 import org.mockito.Mock;
11 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
12 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
13 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
14 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
15 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
16 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
17 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
18 
19 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
20 
21 /**
22  * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
23  * User: 1481706
24  * Date: 5/16/17
25  * Time: 7:36 AM
26  * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
27  */
28 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
29 @WebAppConfiguration
30 @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml","file:src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})
31 public class StaticControllerTest {
32 
33     private MockMvc mockMvc;
34 
35     @Mock
36     private FileTransferService fileTransferService;
37 
38     @Mock
39     private JobSchedulerService jobSchedulerService;
40 
41     @Mock
42     private HandleExceptionService handleExceptionService;
43 
44     @InjectMocks
45     StaticController staticController;
46 
47     @Before
48     public void setup(){
49         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
50         this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(staticController).build();
51     }
52 
53     @Test
54     public void testTestException() throws Exception {
55         ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(get("/TestException"));
56     }
57 }

 

---

 这里还要着重讲一下，一个优秀的Mock工具Mockito。

http://blog.csdn.net/guijiaoba/article/details/51945873

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

推荐阅读，该博文详细介绍了Mockito的使用方法。

Mock的意思就是模拟出一个类对象，使其拥有类对象的全部接口。

我们可以通过when来规定mock对象调用时的值。

可以实现测试的解耦。比如说A依赖于B,C，那么我们就Mock B和C对象，将其注入到A。

并用When来模拟B和C对象的行为。这样就实现了在测试当中的解耦操作。

---

 

Mock中也存在部分Mock，即根据需求去选择调用Mock或者真实对象。

http://www.cnblogs.com/softidea/p/4204389.html介绍了如何实现部分Mock。

分为两种，一种是callRealMethod，一种是用Spy。

callRealMethod

1 //you can create partial mock with spy() method:
2 List list = spy(new LinkedList());
3 //you can enable partial mock capabilities selectively on mocks:
4 Foo mock = mock(Foo.class);
5 //Be sure the real implementation is 'safe'.
6 //If real implementation throws exceptions or depends on specific state of the object then you're in trouble.
7 when(mock.someMethod()).thenCallRealMethod();

spy方式

1 public class Test{
2 @Spy
3 Foo spyOnFoo = new Foo();
4 @Before
5 public void init(){
6 MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
7 }
8 ...
9 }

---

这篇博文讲的不错，有兴趣的可以阅读一下。

http://qiuguo0205.iteye.com/blog/1443344

http://blog.csdn.net/u010834071/article/details/47665791

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html

http://zhaozhiming.github.io/blog/2014/06/16/spring-mvc-unit-test-part-1/

http://blog.csdn.net/qbg19881206/article/details/17077021

http://www.cnblogs.com/wade-xu/p/4311657.html

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xdlaoliu/p/6859552.html