信号和槽机制是 Qt 的核心机制,可以让编程人员将互不相关的对象绑定在一起,实现对象之间的通信。
- 信号
当对象改变其状态时,信号就由该对象发射 (emit) 出去,而且对象只负责发送信号,它不知道另一端是谁在接收这个信号。这样就做到了真正的信息封装,能确保对象被当作一个真正的软件组件来使用。
- 槽
用于接收信号,而且槽只是普通的对象成员函数。一个槽并不知道是否有任何信号与自己相连接。而且对象并不了解具体的通信机制。
- 信号与槽的连接
所有从 QObject 或其子类 ( 例如 Qwidget ) 派生的类都能够包含信号和槽。因为信号与槽的连接是通过 QObject 的 connect() 成员函数来实现的。
connect(sender, SIGNAL(signal), receiver, SLOT(slot));
其中 sender 与 receiver 是指向对象的指针,SIGNAL() 与 SLOT() 是转换信号与槽的宏。
Qobject(QObject.h)源码中可以看到QObject::connect的定义是这样的:
connect(const QObject *sender, const char *signal, const QObject *receiver, const char *member, Qt::ConnectionType = #ifdef qdoc Qt::AutoConnection #else #ifdef QT3_SUPPORT Qt::AutoCompatConnection #else Qt::AutoConnection #endif #endif ); inline bool connect(const QObject *sender, const char *signal, const char *member, Qt::ConnectionType type = #ifdef qdoc Qt::AutoConnection #else #ifdef QT3_SUPPORT Qt::AutoCompatConnection #else Qt::AutoConnection #endif #endif ) const;
在QObject.cpp文件中可以找到connect的实现代码
QObject::connect(const QObject *sender, const char *signal, const QObject *receiver, const char *method, Qt::ConnectionType type) { { const void *cbdata[] = { sender, signal, receiver, method, &type }; if (QInternal::activateCallbacks(QInternal::ConnectCallback, (void **) cbdata)) return true; } if (sender == 0 || receiver == 0 || signal == 0 || method == 0) { qWarning("QObject::connect: Cannot connect %s::%s to %s::%s", sender ? sender->metaObject()->className() : "(null)", (signal && *signal) ? signal+1 : "(null)", receiver ? receiver->metaObject()->className() : "(null)", (method && *method) ? method+1 : "(null)"); return false; } QByteArray tmp_signal_name; if (!check_signal_macro(sender, signal, "connect", "bind")) return false; const QMetaObject *smeta = sender->metaObject(); const char *signal_arg = signal; ++signal; //skip code int signal_index = smeta->indexOfSignal(signal); if (signal_index < 0) { // check for normalized signatures tmp_signal_name = QMetaObject::normalizedSignature(signal - 1); signal = tmp_signal_name.constData() + 1; signal_index = smeta->indexOfSignal(signal); if (signal_index < 0) { err_method_notfound(sender, signal_arg, "connect"); err_info_about_objects("connect", sender, receiver); return false; } } QByteArray tmp_method_name; int membcode = extract_code(method); if (!check_method_code(membcode, receiver, method, "connect")) return false; const char *method_arg = method; ++method; // skip code const QMetaObject *rmeta = receiver->metaObject(); int method_index = -1; switch (membcode) { case QSLOT_CODE: method_index = rmeta->indexOfSlot(method); break; case QSIGNAL_CODE: method_index = rmeta->indexOfSignal(method); break; } if (method_index < 0) { // check for normalized methods tmp_method_name = QMetaObject::normalizedSignature(method); method = tmp_method_name.constData(); switch (membcode) { case QSLOT_CODE: method_index = rmeta->indexOfSlot(method); break; case QSIGNAL_CODE: method_index = rmeta->indexOfSignal(method); break; } } if (method_index < 0) { err_method_notfound(receiver, method_arg, "connect"); err_info_about_objects("connect", sender, receiver); return false; } if (!QMetaObject::checkConnectArgs(signal, method)) { qWarning("QObject::connect: Incompatible sender/receiver arguments" "\n %s::%s --> %s::%s", sender->metaObject()->className(), signal, receiver->metaObject()->className(), method); return false; } int *types = 0; if ((type == Qt::QueuedConnection || type == Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection) && !(types = queuedConnectionTypes(smeta->method(signal_index).parameterTypes()))) return false; QMetaObject::connect(sender, signal_index, receiver, method_index, type, types); const_cast<QObject*>(sender)->connectNotify(signal - 1); return true; }