linux进入uvc目录,Linux USB摄像头使用

一、使用V4l2工具调试摄像头

1.v4l2-ctl 常用操作

# 安装V4l2工具包

$ sudo apt install v4l-utils

# 通过v4l2查看摄像头设备

$ sudo v4l2-ctl --list-devices

EP28WD (usb-fe380000.usb-1.3):

/dev/video0

/dev/video1

# 查看当前摄像头支持的视频压缩格式

$ sudo v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --list-formats

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT

Index : 0

Type : Video Capture

Pixel Format: 'YUYV'

Name : YUYV 4:2:2

Index : 1

Type : Video Capture

Pixel Format: 'H264' (compressed)

Name : H.264

Index : 2

Type : Video Capture

Pixel Format: 'MJPG' (compressed)

Name : Motion-JPEG

# 查看摄像头所有参数

$ sudo v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --all

Driver Info (not using libv4l2):

Driver name : uvcvideo

Card type : EP28WD

Bus info : usb-fe380000.usb-1.3

Driver version: 4.4.167

Capabilities : 0x84A00001

Video Capture

Streaming

Extended Pix Format

Device Capabilities

Device Caps : 0x04200001

Video Capture

Streaming

Extended Pix Format

Priority: 2

Video input : 0 (Camera 1: ok)

Format Video Capture:

Width/Height : 640/480

Pixel Format : 'YUYV'

Field : None

Bytes per Line : 1280

Size Image : 614400

Colorspace : Default

Transfer Function : Default

YCbCr Encoding : Default

Quantization : Default

Flags :

Crop Capability Video Capture:

Bounds : Left 0, Top 0, Width 640, Height 480

Default : Left 0, Top 0, Width 640, Height 480

Pixel Aspect: 1/1

Selection: crop_default, Left 0, Top 0, Width 640, Height 480

Selection: crop_bounds, Left 0, Top 0, Width 640, Height 480

Streaming Parameters Video Capture:

Capabilities : timeperframe

Frames per second: 25.000 (25/1)

Read buffers : 0

brightness (int) : min=-64 max=64 step=1 default=0 value=0

contrast (int) : min=0 max=64 step=1 default=36 value=36

saturation (int) : min=0 max=128 step=1 default=64 value=64

hue (int) : min=-40 max=40 step=1 default=0 value=0

white_balance_temperature_auto (bool) : default=1 value=1

gamma (int) : min=72 max=500 step=1 default=100 value=100

gain (int) : min=0 max=100 step=1 default=0 value=0

power_line_frequency (menu) : min=0 max=2 default=1 value=1

white_balance_temperature (int) : min=2800 max=6500 step=1 default=4600 value=4600 flags=inactive

sharpness (int) : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=3 value=3

backlight_compensation (int) : min=0 max=2 step=1 default=1 value=1

exposure_auto (menu) : min=0 max=3 default=3 value=3

exposure_absolute (int) : min=1 max=5000 step=1 default=157 value=157 flags=inactive

exposure_auto_priority (bool) : default=0 value=1

# 查看摄像头所支持的分辨率

sudo v4l2-ctl --list-framesizes=MJPG -d /dev/video0

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES

Size: Discrete 640x480 # Width/Height

Size: Discrete 800x600

Size: Discrete 1280x720

Size: Discrete 1280x960

Size: Discrete 1920x1080

Size: Discrete 1600x1200

Size: Discrete 2048x1536

Size: Discrete 2592x1944

Size: Discrete 3264x2448

2.v4l2-ctl 命令

$ v4l2-ctl help

unknown arguments: help

General/Common options:

--all display all information available

-C, --get-ctrl=[,...]

get the value of the controls [VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS]

-c, --set-ctrl==[,=...]

set the value of the controls [VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS]

-D, --info show driver info [VIDIOC_QUERYCAP]

-d, --device= use device instead of /dev/video0

if starts with a digit, then /dev/video is used

-e, --out-device= use device for output streams instead of the

default device as set with --device

if starts with a digit, then /dev/video is used

-h, --help display this help message

--help-all all options

--help-io input/output options

--help-misc miscellaneous options

--help-overlay overlay format options

--help-sdr SDR format options

--help-selection crop/selection options

--help-stds standards and other video timings options

--help-streaming streaming options

--help-tuner tuner/modulator options

--help-vbi VBI format options

--help-vidcap video capture format options

--help-vidout vidout output format options

--help-edid edid handling options

-k, --concise be more concise if possible.

-l, --list-ctrls display all controls and their values [VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL]

-L, --list-ctrls-menus

display all controls and their menus [VIDIOC_QUERYMENU]

-r, --subset=[,,]+

the subset of the N-dimensional array to get/set for control ,

for every dimension an (, ) tuple is given.

-w, --wrapper use the libv4l2 wrapper library.

--list-devices list all v4l devices

--log-status log the board status in the kernel log [VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS]

--get-priority query the current access priority [VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY]

--set-priority=

set the new access priority [VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY]

is 1 (background), 2 (interactive) or 3 (record)

--silent only set the result code, do not print any messages

--sleep= sleep , call QUERYCAP and close the file handle

--verbose turn on verbose ioctl status reporting

3.usb摄像头与video匹配

linux系统接上usb摄像头会出现/dev/video*设备，如果接多个摄像头，通过/dev/video*无法与真实摄像头一一对应。由于有的时候一个usb摄像头会产生两个或多个video(只有一个能拍照)，所以通过udev的rule规则也无法固定。这时可以通过/dev/v4l/by-id/路径的软链接固定。

$ ll /dev/v4l/by-id/

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 10 14:32 usb-Generic_HDR_CAMERA_200901010001-video-index0 -> ../../video0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 10 14:32 usb-Generic_HDR_CAMERA_200901010001-video-index1 -> ../../video1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 10 14:24 usb-USB3.0_Camera_8M_USB3.0_Camera_8M_SITN00000000001-video-index0 -> ../../video2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Sep 10 14:24 usb-USB3.0_Camera_8M_USB3.0_Camera_8M_SITN00000000001-video-index1 -> ../../video3

二、安装应用程序显示摄像头捕捉到的视频

1.使用应用程序camorama

sudo apt-get install camorama

camorama

#如果使用Xshell进行ssh远程访问，会提醒安装Xmanager软件显示视频流

Xmanager是一个运行于MS Windows平台上的高性能的X window服务器。可以在本地PC上同时运行Unix/Linux和Windows图形应用程序。

Xmanager可以将PC变成X Windows工作站，它可以无缝拼接到UNIX 应用程序中。在UNIX/Linux和Windows网络环境中，Xmanager 是最好的连通解决方案。

2.使用应用程序茄子(cheese)

cheese是Ubuntu自带摄像软件，中文名称茄子。

cheese + 设备号

sudo apt-get install cheese

cheese

# 或

cheese /dev/video0

#不支持ssh远程显示

三、ffmpeg获取摄像头图像

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

sudo ffmpeg -i /dev/video0 -vframes 1 -s 640x480 -q:v 2 -f image2 /tmp/image6-vdieo0-test1.jpg

对海康IP摄像头进行拍照、推流和保存视频

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 \ # base

-vcodec copy -an -f flv rtmp://172.17.0.1/live/camera0 \ # stream

-flags +global_header -f stream_segment -segment_time 60 -segment_format_options movflags=+faststart -reset_timestamps 1 -vcodec copy -q:v 4 -an -r 24 -strftime 1 /data/tmpfs/camera/video/%s.flv \ # video

-r 2/1 -strftime 1 -y /data/tmpfs/camera/capture.jpg # capture

# 从ip摄像头推流

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://admin:jiangxing123@10.56.0.17:554/h264/ch1/sub/av_stream -vcodec copy -an -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

# 从视频文件推流

sudo ffmpeg -re -i record.flv -vcodec copy -an -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

# 从usb摄像头推流

sudo ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -qscale 10 -r 12 -s 640x480 -i /dev/video0 -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

# ==============test==============

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 -f flv -c:v libx264 -an rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 -vcodec copy -an -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 -vcodec libx264 -crf 5 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

sudo ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f flv rtmp://10.55.2.185:1935/live/camera0

四、gstreamer获取摄像头图像

# install gstreamer

apt-get -y install libgstreamer1.0-0 gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly gstreamer1.0-libav gstreamer1.0-doc gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-x gstreamer1.0-alsa gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 gstreamer1.0-qt5 gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio

# 连续拍照

gst-launch-1.0 --gst-debug-level=3 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! \

image/jpeg,width=1920,height=1080,framerate=30/1 ! \

multifilesink location=/data/tmpfs/capture1.jpg max-files=1 post-messages=true

# 单次拍照

gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 num-buffers=1 ! image/jpeg,width=1920,height=1080 ! filesink location=/data/tmpfs/capture2.jpg

对海康IP摄像头进行拍照、推流和保存视频

gst-launch-1.0 -e --gst-debug-level=3 rtspsrc location=rtsp://192.168.1.19:554/mpeg4 ! rtph264depay ! h264parse ! tee name=t \

t. ! queue ! avdec_h264 ! queue flush-on-eos=true ! videorate ! video/x-raw,framerate=5/1 ! jpegenc ! multifilesink post-messages=true location=/data/tmpfs/camera/capture.jpg max-files=1 \ # capture

t. ! queue ! flvmux streamable=true ! rtmpsink sync=false location=rtmp://172.17.0.1/live/camera0 \ # stream

t. ! queue ! splitmuxsink max-size-time=600000000000 location=/data/tmpfs/camera/video/%06d.mp4 # video

五、图片加上文字

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

# 左下角

convert /data/tmpfs/capture.jpg -gravity SouthWest -pointsize 40 \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +5+5 "`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`" \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +5+70 "$text" /data/tmpfs/output.jpg

# 左上角

convert /data/tmpfs/capture.jpg -gravity NorthWest -pointsize 40 \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +5+5 "`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`" \

-stroke '#40DCD7' -fill white -annotate +5+70 "$text" /data/tmpfs/output.jpg

# 有阴影的文字

convert /data/tmpfs/capture.jpg \

\( -background 'rgba(0, 0, 0, .5)' -fill white \

-font Helvetica -pointsize 60 \

label:"`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"` " -splice 20x20 \

\) -gravity NorthWest -geometry +40+40 \

-composite /data/tmpfs/output2.jpg

# 使用中文字体

text="Hello"

text2="D10.08"

# font对应中文字体路径

convert /data/tmpfs/capture.jpg -font /usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc -gravity NorthWest -pointsize 60 \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +40+40 "`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`" \

-gravity NorthEast -pointsize 60 \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +40+40 "$text2" \

-gravity SouthEast -pointsize 60 \

-stroke none -fill white -annotate +40+40 "$text" /data/tmpfs/output.jpg

图片方位

NorthWest、North、NorthEast、West、Center、East、SouthWest、South、SouthEast。

安装中文字体

sudo apt install -y --force-yes --no-install-recommends fonts-wqy-microhei

sudo apt install -y --force-yes --no-install-recommends ttf-wqy-zenhei

# 查看中文字体路径

$ fc-list :lang=zh-cn

/usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc: WenQuanYi Micro Hei,文泉驛微米黑,文泉驿微米黑:style=Regular

/usr/share/fonts/truetype/wqy/wqy-microhei.ttc: WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono,文泉驛等寬微米黑,文泉驿等宽微米黑:style=Regular