字典————— dict
pyrhon的数据结构之一
字典:用于存储数据,存储大量数据。 字典要比列表快一些。将数据和数据之间进行关联,
dic = {"key" : "value"}————— 键值对
所有操作都是通过键
dic = {"10":"苹果手机",
"11":"苹果手机",
15:"小米手机",
15:"华为手机",
(1,):"oppo手机",
}
print(dic)
键 : 必须是不可变的数据类型(可哈希),且唯一 不可嘻哈的数据类型是可变的类型
值:任意
字典是可变数据类型,无序的
names = ["日魔","炮手","豹哥"]
hy = ["看动漫","飞机","贴膏药"]
dic = {
"日魔":["看动漫","健身","吃包子","吃大煎饼","吃大烧饼"],
"炮手":"飞机",
"豹哥":"贴膏药",
"宝元":"宝剑",
"alex":"吹牛逼"
}
print(dic)
print(dic.get("日魔"))———— 查找
print(dic.get("炮手"))
增
1.暴力添加 :
dict ["小白"] = "曹阳" # ———— 字典的添加是一个键值对
dict ["小妹"] = ["小哥哥","大哥哥","小伙","帅哥","高富帅"]
print (dict)
2.有则不添加,无则添加
dic.setdefault("元宝",["唱","跳","篮球","喝酒"])—————— 只要键相同就不能添加
print(dic)
dic.setdefault("花哥哥","大保健")---------无则添加
print(dic)
setdefault分为两步:
1.先看键是否在字典
2.不存在的时候进行添加
删除
dic = {
"日魔":["看动漫","健身","吃包子","吃大煎饼","吃大烧饼"],
"炮手":"飞机",
"豹哥":"贴膏药",
"宝元":"宝剑",
"alex":"吹牛逼"
}
pop
print (dict.pop("元宝"))----------pop删除通过字典中的渐近线删除 返回的被删除的内容
print(dict)
Clear
dic.clear() # 清空
print(dic)
del
del dic ——————— 删除的整个容器
Print (dic)
del dic ["alex"]——————通过键进行删除
Print (dic)
字典中是没有remove *****
改
dic = {
"日魔":["看动漫","健身","吃包子","吃大煎饼","吃大烧饼"],
"炮手":"飞机",
"豹哥":"贴膏药",
"宝元":"宝剑",
"alex":"吹牛逼"
}
dic ["alex"] = "dsb"——————— 有则覆盖 没有添加
print(dic)
dic1 = {"alex":"上过北大","wusir":"干过前端"}
dic1.update(dic)——————— 用dic中的内容更新dic1中的内容
print(dic1)
查
dic = {
"日魔":["看动漫","健身","吃包子","吃大煎饼","吃大烧饼"],
"炮手":"飞机",
"豹哥":"贴膏药",
"宝元":"宝剑",
"alex":"吹牛逼"
}
print(dic.get("alex"))—————— # 查询不到返回None
print(dic.get("元宝","找不到啊")) # 查找不到的时候返回自己制定的内容
print(dic.setdefault("alex")) # 查询不到返回None
print(dic["alex"]) # 查询不到就报错了
for i in dic :——————查看所有的键
print (dic.get(i))
print (dic. keys()) 获取的是一个高仿列表
print (dic.values()) 获取到的是一个高仿列表
for i in dic.values():———————— 高仿列表支持迭代
print(i)——————— 打印出来的是值
print(dic.values()[3]) 高仿列表不支持索引
lst = []
for i in dic:
lst.append(dic[i])
print(lst)
print(list(dic.values()))
结果两个都是一样的—————— 数出来的都是值
lst = []
for i in dic:
lst.append((i,dic[i]))
print(lst)------------- 输出的是键值对
print(list(dic.items()))———— 输出的是键值对
for i in dic:
print(i,dic[i])-----------
日魔 ['看动漫', '健身', '吃包子', '吃大煎饼', '吃大烧饼']
炮手 飞机
豹哥 贴膏药
宝元 宝剑
alex 吹牛逼
for i in dic.items():
print(i[0],i[1])
日魔 ['看动漫', '健身', '吃包子', '吃大煎饼', '吃大烧饼']
炮手 飞机
豹哥 贴膏药
宝元 宝剑
alex 吹牛逼
解构
a = 10
b = 20
a,b = b,a
print(a)
print(b)
a,b = 10,20
print(a)
print(b)
a = 10,20———————— a 是元祖
print(a)
print(10,20)
—————— (10, 20)
10 20
a,b = (1,20)
print(a)
print(b)
—————— 1
20
a,b = "wc"
print(a)
print(b)
————— w
c
dic = {"key1":2,"key2":4}—————— 迭代对象只在键不给值迭代解构的作用,
a,b = dic
print(a)
print(b)
—————— key1
key2
解构的作用,
lst = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
lst1 = lst[:2] # 两个都是列表的时候才能够相加
lst1.append(lst[4])
for i in lst1:
print(i)——————— 结果是1 , 2 , 5
print(lst[:2] + list(str(lst[4])))——— 两个都是列表的时候才能够相加
lst = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
a,b,c,d,e,aa = lst # 是万能接受
print(a,b,e)
for i in dic.items():
a,b = i
print(a)
print(b
for a,b in dic.items(): print(list(dic.items()))
print(a)
print(b)
嵌套
dic = {
101:{1:{"日魔":"对象"},
2:{"隔壁老王":"王炸"},
3:{"乔碧萝":("日魔","炮手","宝元")},
},
102:{1:{"汪峰":{"国际章":["小苹果","大鸭梨"]}},
2:{"邓紫棋":["泡沫","信仰","天堂","光年之外"]},
3:{"腾格尔":["隐形的翅膀","卡路里","日不落"]}
},
103:{1:{"蔡徐坤":{"唱":["鸡你太美"],
"跳":["钢管舞"],
"rap":["大碗面"],
"篮球":("NBA形象大使")}},
2:{"JJ":{"行走的CD":["江南","曹操","背对背拥抱","小酒窝","不潮不花钱"]}},
3:{"Jay":{"周董":["菊花台","双节棍","霍元甲"]}}},
201:{
1:{"韦小宝":{"双儿":"刺客","建宁":{"公主":{"吴三桂":"熊"}},"龙儿":{"教主老婆":"教主"}}}
}
}
print(dic[201][1]["韦小宝"]["建宁"]["公主"]["吴三桂"])