顾名思义,块设备驱动程序就是支持以块的方式进行读写的设备。块设备和字符设备最大的区别在于读写数据的基本单元不同。块设备读写数据的基本单元为块,例 如磁盘通常为一个sector,而字符设备的基本单元为字节。从实现角度来看,字符设备的实现比较简单,内核例程和用户态API一一对应,这种映射关系由 字符设备的file_operations维护。块设备接口则相对复杂,读写API没有直接到块设备层,而是直接到文件系统 层,然后再由文件系统层发起读写请求。
源代码(ramdisk.c)
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/fcntl.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <linux/blkdev.h> #include <linux/hdreg.h> #define RAMHD_NAME "ramhd" #define RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE 2 #define RAMHD_MAX_PARTITIONS 4 #define RAMHD_SECTOR_SIZE 512 #define RAMHD_SECTORS 16 #define RAMHD_HEADS 4 #define RAMHD_CYLINDERS 256 #define RAMHD_SECTOR_TOTAL (RAMHD_SECTORS * RAMHD_HEADS *RAMHD_CYLINDERS) #define RAMHD_SIZE (RAMHD_SECTOR_SIZE * RAMHD_SECTOR_TOTAL) //8mb typedef struct { unsigned char* data; struct request_queue* queue; struct gendisk* gd; }RAMHD_DEV; static char* sdisk[RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE] = {NULL}; static RAMHD_DEV* rdev[RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE] = {NULL}; static dev_t ramhd_major; static int ramhd_space_init(void) { int i; int err = 0; for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ sdisk[i] = vmalloc(RAMHD_SIZE); if(!sdisk[i]){ err = -ENOMEM; return err; } memset(sdisk[i], 0, RAMHD_SIZE); } return err; } static void ramhd_space_clean(void) { int i; for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ vfree(sdisk[i]); } } static int ramhd_open(struct block_device* bdev, fmode_t mode) { return 0; } static int ramhd_release(struct gendisk*gd, fmode_t mode) { return 0; } static int ramhd_ioctl(struct block_device* bdev, fmode_t mode, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { int err; struct hd_geometry geo; switch(cmd) { case HDIO_GETGEO: err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, arg, sizeof(geo)); if(err) return -EFAULT; geo.cylinders = RAMHD_CYLINDERS; geo.heads = RAMHD_HEADS; geo.sectors = RAMHD_SECTORS; geo.start = get_start_sect(bdev); if(copy_to_user((void*)arg, &geo, sizeof(geo))) return -EFAULT; return 0; } return -ENOTTY; } static struct block_device_operations ramhd_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = ramhd_open, .release = ramhd_release, .ioctl = ramhd_ioctl, }; static int ramhd_make_request(struct request_queue* q, struct bio* bio) { char* pRHdata; char* pBuffer; struct bio_vec* bvec; int i; int err = 0; struct block_device* bdev = bio->bi_bdev; RAMHD_DEV* pdev = bdev->bd_disk->private_data; if(((bio->bi_sector * RAMHD_SECTOR_SIZE) + bio->bi_size) > RAMHD_SIZE){ err = -EIO; return err; } pRHdata = pdev->data + (bio->bi_sector * RAMHD_SECTOR_SIZE); bio_for_each_segment(bvec, bio, i){ pBuffer = kmap(bvec->bv_page) + bvec->bv_offset; switch(bio_data_dir(bio)){ case READ: memcpy(pBuffer, pRHdata, bvec->bv_len); flush_dcache_page(bvec->bv_page); break; case WRITE: flush_dcache_page(bvec->bv_page); memcpy(pRHdata, pBuffer, bvec->bv_len); break; default: kunmap(bvec->bv_page); goto out; } kunmap(bvec->bv_page); pRHdata += bvec->bv_len; } out: bio_endio(bio, err); return 0; } static int alloc_ramdev(void) { int i; for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ rdev[i] = kzalloc(sizeof(RAMHD_DEV), GFP_KERNEL); if(!rdev[i]){ return -ENOMEM; } } return 0; } static void clean_ramdev(void) { int i; for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ if(rdev[i]) kfree(rdev[i]); } } static int __init ramhd_init(void) { int i; ramhd_space_init(); alloc_ramdev(); ramhd_major = register_blkdev(0, RAMHD_NAME); for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ rdev[i]->data = sdisk[i]; rdev[i]->queue = blk_alloc_queue(GFP_KERNEL); blk_queue_make_request(rdev[i]->queue, ramhd_make_request); rdev[i]->gd = alloc_disk(RAMHD_MAX_PARTITIONS); rdev[i]->gd->major = ramhd_major; rdev[i]->gd->first_minor = i * RAMHD_MAX_PARTITIONS; rdev[i]->gd->fops = &ramhd_fops; rdev[i]->gd->queue = rdev[i]->queue; rdev[i]->gd->private_data = rdev[i]; sprintf(rdev[i]->gd->disk_name, "ramhd%c", 'a' +i); rdev[i]->gd->flags |= GENHD_FL_SUPPRESS_PARTITION_INFO; set_capacity(rdev[i]->gd, RAMHD_SECTOR_TOTAL); add_disk(rdev[i]->gd); } return 0; } static void __exit ramhd_exit(void) { int i; for(i = 0; i < RAMHD_MAX_DEVICE; i++){ del_gendisk(rdev[i]->gd); put_disk(rdev[i]->gd); blk_cleanup_queue(rdev[i]->queue); } clean_ramdev(); ramhd_space_clean(); unregister_blkdev(ramhd_major, RAMHD_NAME); } module_init(ramhd_init); module_exit(ramhd_exit); MODULE_AUTHOR("dennis__chen@ AMDLinuxFGL"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("The ramdisk implementation with request function"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile文件
ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) obj-m := ramdisk.o else PWD := $(shell pwd) KVER := $(shell uname -r) KDIR := /lib/modules/$(KVER)/build all: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules clean: rm -rf .*.cmd *.o *.mod.c *.ko .tmp_versions modules.* Module.* endif
操作步骤
先把Makefile 和ramdisk.c放在同一个文件夹下,然后make,
用ls命令看是否生成ramdisk.ko驱动模块
insmod ramdisk.ko //动态挂载驱动模块
lsmod //查看是否多了个ramdisk 模块
ls /dev //查看一下/dev目录下是否多了个block_dev节点(节点会自动创建)
mkfs.ext3 /dev/block_dev //在虚拟磁盘上建立ext3文件系统
mount /dev/block_dev /mnt/test //挂载到/mnt/test目录下,然后去看看mnt/test下面是不是多了lost+found文件夹
终端敲入mount,看一下mount的记录,是不是ext3格式
对它进行读写:
#cp *.c /mnt/test
#ls /mnt/test 看内容是否写过去了
#cp su.c /
#ls /su.c 看是否读OK
操作完之后就清除掉
umount /mnt/test
rmmod ramdisk.ko