matlab method,Matlab Euler's method

% matlab script to test efficiency of

% Euler's method, classical Runge-Kutta, and ode45

% on Arenstorf orbit problem

close all

clear all

% these are variables we would like the right-hand function to "see"

% without actually passing them as arguments

global mu muHat

% set normalized masses

mu = 0.012277471;

muHat = 1 - mu;

% set time span of integration

t0 = 0;

tf = 17.1;

% set initial conditions

u1 = 0.994;

u2 = 0;

u1Dot = 0;

u2Dot = -2.00158510637908252240537862224;

% pack into vector y0

y0 = [u1 u2 u1Dot u2Dot]';

% set the name of the function to compute the right-hand side

f = 'arenstorf';

disp(['The ' f ' problem'])

disp(' ')

% begin with Euler's method

disp('Experiments with Euler''s method.')

% "logical" variable to end given phase (Euler, Runge-Kutta)

iMore = 1;

while (iMore == 1),

% prompt user for number of steps

nSteps = input('Please enter the number of steps to take: ');

% set up array to store solution

y = zeros(length(y0),nSteps+1);

h = (tf-t0)/nSteps;

t = linspace(t0,tf,nSteps+1);

y(:,1) = y0;

tic

for i=1:nSteps,

y(:,i+1) = y(:,i) + h*feval(f,t(i),y(:,i));

end

toc

plot(y(1,:),y(2,:))

iMore = input('Do you wish to repeat with Euler''s method? (1=yes,0=no) ');

disp(' ')

end

close all

% now investigate classical Runge-Kutta

disp('Experiments with classical Runge-Kutta method.')

iMore = 1;

while (iMore == 1),

% prompt user for number of steps

nSteps = input('Please enter the number of steps to take: ');

% set up array to store solution

y = zeros(length(y0),nSteps+1);

h = (tf-t0)/nSteps;

t = linspace(t0,tf,nSteps+1);

y(:,1) = y0;

tic

for i=1:nSteps,

K1 = feval(f,t(i),y(:,i));

K2 = feval(f,t(i)+h/2,y(:,i)+h*K1/2);

K3 = feval(f,t(i)+h/2,y(:,i)+h*K2/2);

K4 = feval(f,t(i+1),y(:,i)+h*K3);

y(:,i+1) = y(:,i) + h*(K1+2*(K2+K3)+K4)/6;

end

toc

plot(y(1,:),y(2,:))

iMore = input('Do you wish to repeat with classical RK? (1=yes,0=no) ');

disp(' ')

end

close all

% finally use ode45

disp('Solving problem with ode45 ... ')

% try with and without options in call to ode45

options = odeset('RelTol',1e-4);

tic

[t,y] = ode45(f,[t0 tf],y0,options);

toc

plot(y(:,1),y(:,2))

% from Wikipedia about the Arenstorf orbit

% Richard F. Arenstorf is an American mathematician who discovered a

% stable orbit between the Earth and the Moon, called an Arenstorf

% Orbit, which was the basis of the orbit used by the Apollo Program

% for going to the Moon.

% The Arenstorf Orbit

% While the orbit of a satellite around the Sun was empirically

% discovered by Kepler and theoretically proven by Newton to be an

% ellipse, at the time when the United States was interested in going

% to the Moon, there was no such solution known for the shape of a

% satellite orbiting regularly around two objects, such as a

% spacecraft going between the Earth and the Moon. This is a special

% case of the infamous Three Body Problem, for which a general

% analytical solution is not known because of its complexity of

% solving the effect of three bodies which all pull on each other

% while moving, a total of six interactions. However the case of an

% Earth-Moon satellite can be simplified to four interactions, because

% although the three objects gravitationally all pull on each other,

% the effect of the spacecraft's gravity upon the motion of the vastly

% more massive Earth and Moon is practically non-existent. Arenstorf

% found a stable orbit for a spacecraft orbiting between the Earth and

% Moon, shaped like an '8' with the Earth or Moon located inside each

% loop of the '8'. This orbit is the basis of a path going to the Moon

% from the Earth, such as the United States Apollo program. For a

% permanent presence on the Moon, it would be the path of what

% Arenstorf calls a 'Space Bus', a ferry which could regularly orbit

% supplies and people between the Earth and Moon without directly

% expending fuel. By staying on the Arenstorf orbit, lunar astronauts

% automatically return back to Earth. Before leaving NASA at the first

% Moon Landing, Arenstorf mapped out an emergency rescue orbit, which

% was used in the Apollo 13 incident, in which a catastrophic

% malfunction forced aborting the Moon landing, but the astronauts

% ultimately returned safely to Earth without a major course

% adjustment.