Filter被称为过滤器或者拦截器,基本功能就是对调用servler过程的拦截,在servlet进行响应和处理前后实现一些特殊功能。其实,Filter过滤器就是一个实现了javax.servlet.Filter接口的类,在javax.servlet.Filter接口中定义了3个方法:
init(FilterConfig filterConfig) : 用来初始化过滤器,可以在init()中完成与构造方法类似的初始化功能,如果初始化代码中要使用FilterConfig对象,那么,这些初始化代码就只能在Filter的init()方法中编写,而不能在构造方法中编写。
doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) : request和response为Web服务器或Filter链中的上一个Filter对象传递过来的请求和响应对象;参数chain代表Filter链的对象,在当前Filter对象中的doFilter()方法内需要调用FilterChain对象的doFilter()方法,才能把请求交付给Filter链的下一个Filter或者目标程序去处理。
public void destroy() : destroy()方法在Web服务器卸载Filter之前被调用,该方法用于释放Filter对象打开的资源,例如关闭数据库和IO流。
1、实现第一个Filter程序
Index.java文件如下:
1 packagecom.net;2
3 importjava.io.IOException;4 importjava.io.PrintWriter;5
6 importjavax.servlet.ServletException;7 importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;8 importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;9 importjavax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;10
11 public class Index extendsHttpServlet {12 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsServletException, IOException {13 PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();14 out.println("Index");15 }16
17 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsServletException, IOException {18 doGet(request, response);19 }20 }
MyFilter.java文件如下:
1 packagecom.net;2
3 importjava.io.IOException;4 importjava.io.PrintWriter;5
6 importjavax.servlet.Filter;7 importjavax.servlet.FilterChain;8 importjavax.servlet.FilterConfig;9 importjavax.servlet.ServletException;10 importjavax.servlet.ServletRequest;11 importjavax.servlet.ServletResponse;12
13 public class MyFilter implementsFilter {14 public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throwsServletException {15 System.out.println("MyFilter.init()");16 }17
18 public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throwsIOException, ServletException {19 PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();20 out.println("Hello MyFilter");21 chain.doFilter(request, response);22 }23
24 public voiddestroy() {25 System.out.println("MyFilter.destroy()");26 }27 }
web.xml配置文件添加如下代码:
1
2 MyFilter
3 com.net.MyFilter
4
5
6 MyFilter
7 /Index
8
9
10
11
12 Index
13 com.net.Index
14
15
16 Index
17 /Index
18
测试结果如下:
2、Filter链
Filter链示例图如下:
测试程序如下,Index.java文件和MyFilter.java文件参考实现第一个Filter程序中代码,MyFilter2.java文件和web.xml配置文件如下:
MyFilter2.java文件如下:
1 packagecom.net;2
3 importjava.io.IOException;4 importjava.io.PrintWriter;5
6 importjavax.servlet.Filter;7 importjavax.servlet.FilterChain;8 importjavax.servlet.FilterConfig;9 importjavax.servlet.ServletException;10 importjavax.servlet.ServletRequest;11 importjavax.servlet.ServletResponse;12
13 public class MyFilter2 implementsFilter {14 public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throwsServletException {15 }16
17 public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throwsIOException, ServletException {18 PrintWriter out =response.getWriter();19 out.println("Hello MyFilter2 Start");20 chain.doFilter(request, response);21 out.println("Hello MyFilter2 End");22 }23
24 public voiddestroy() {25 }26 }
web.xml配置文件添加如下代码:
MyFilter
com.net.MyFilter
MyFilter
/Index
MyFilter2
com.net.MyFilter2
MyFilter2
/*
Index
com.net.Index
Index
/Index
测试结果如下:
注意:Filter之间的调用顺序什么样的呢?这与他们在web.xml中声明的前后顺序有关, 比如按照上面web.xml配置,Filter的调用顺序为:
请求->MyFilter -> MyFilter2 -> Index(servlet)
响应
3、Filter的生命周期
Filter的创建和销毁由web服务器负责。 web 应用程序启动时,web 服务器将创建Filter 的实例对象,并调用其init方法,完成对象的初始化功能,从而为后续的用户请求作好拦截的准备工作,filter对象只会创建一次,init方法也只会执行一次。通过init方法的参数,可获得代表当前filter配置信息的FilterConfig对象。FilterConfig接口封装了Filter程序在web.xml中所有注册信息,并提供了一些获取这些配置信息的方法,如下所示:
MyFilter.java文件如下
packagecom.net;importjava.io.IOException;importjava.io.PrintWriter;importjavax.servlet.Filter;importjavax.servlet.FilterChain;importjavax.servlet.FilterConfig;importjavax.servlet.ServletException;importjavax.servlet.ServletRequest;importjavax.servlet.ServletResponse;public class MyFilter implementsFilter {public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throwsServletException {
System.out.println("MyFilter.init()");//得到过滤器的名字
String filterName =fConfig.getFilterName();//得到在web.xml文件中配置的初始化参数
String initParam = fConfig.getInitParameter("like");
System.out.println(filterName);
System.out.println(initParam);
}public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throwsIOException, ServletException {
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("Hello MyFilter");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}public voiddestroy() {
System.out.println("MyFilter.destroy()");
}
}
MyFilter.java对应的web.xml配置项如下:
MyFilter
com.net.MyFilter
like
java
MyFilter
/Index