Python编程从入门到实践：学习笔记6（第7章：用户输入和while循环）

1、函数input()接受一个参数：即要向用户显示的提示或说明。有时候提示可能超过一行，在这种情况下，可将提示存储在一个变量中，再将该变量传递给函数input()。这样使　得input()语句非常清晰。

prompt = "If you tell us who you are,we can personalize the message you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "

name = input(prompt)
print("\nHello," + name.title() + "!")

输出结果：

If you tell us who you are,we can personalize the message you see.
What is your first name? juzi

Hello,Juzi!

2、使用函数input()时，Python将用户输入解读为字符串。函数int()，它让Python将输入视为数值。

　  在Python2.7中获取输入是使用raw_input()

3、求模运算符（%），将两个数相除并返回余数。

　  判断一个数是奇数还是偶数：

number = input("Enter a number , and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")
number = int(number)

if number % 2 ==0:
    print("\nThe number "+str(number)+" is even.")
else:
    print("\nThe number "+str(number)+" is odd.")

测试输出：

Enter a number , and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: 29

The number 29 is odd.

4、使用while循环让程序在用户愿意时不断地运行。

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    print(message)

测试：

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: 
Enter 'quit' to end the program.hello everyone!
hello everyone!

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: 
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit!
quit!

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: 
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit
quit

　  经过测试发现，当用户想要结束时，’quit’也被打印出来。为了解决这个问题，需要使用一个if测试：

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."
message = ""
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

测试：

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: 
Enter 'quit' to end the program.quit

Process finished with exit code 0

　  在要求很多条件都满足才继续运行的程序中，可以定义一个变量，可用于判断整个程序是否处于活动状态。这个变量被称为标志。

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program."

active = True
while active:
    message = input(prompt)

    if message == 'quit':
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

5、要立即退出while循环，不再运行循环余下的代码，也不管条件测试的结果如何，可使用break语句。在任何Python循环中都可使用break语句。

　  要返回到循环开头，并根据条件测试结果决定是否继续执行循环，可使用continue语句。

　  如果程序陷入无限循环，可按Ctrl+C，也可以关闭显示程序输出的终端窗口。（笔者用的是pycharm，发现Ctrl+C不可以终止程序，可以用Crtl+f2）

6、isdigit()判断是否为整数。

active =True
while active:
    age = input("how old are you? ")
    if age.isdigit():
        age = int(age)
        if age<3:
            print("free")
        elif age<=12:
            print ("$10")
        elif age <100:
            print ("$15")
    else:
        active=False

必须按要求输入，输入其他的都会跳出循环。

how old are you? 23
$15
how old are you? 

Process finished with exit code 0

7、假设有一个列表，其中包含新注册但未验证的网站用户；想要验证后将他们移到另一个已验证用户列表。可以使用一个while循环，在验证用户的同时将其从未验证用户中提取出来，再将其加入到另一个已验证用户列表中。代码类似于下面这样：

# 首先，创建一个待验证用户列表
# 和一个用于存储已验证用户的空列表
unconfirmed_users = ['alice','brian','candace']
confirmed_users = []

# 验证每个用户，直到没有未验证用户为止
# 将每个经过验证的列表都移到已验证用户列表中
while unconfirmed_users:
    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()
    print("Verifying user:" + current_user.title())
    confirmed_users.append(current_user)

#显示所有已验证的用户
print("\nThe following users have been condined:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
    print(confirmed_user.title())

输出结果：

Verifying user:Candace
Verifying user:Brian
Verifying user:Alice

The following users have been condined:
Candace
Brian
Alice

8、使用用户输入来填充字典。

responses = {}
#设置一个标志，指出调查是否继续
polling_active = True

while polling_active:
    # 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答
    name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")
    response = input("Which mountion would you like to climb someday? ")

    #将答卷存储在字典中
    responses[name]=response

    #看看是否还有人要参与调查
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) ")
    if repeat == 'no':
        polling_active = False

#调查结束，显示结果
print("\n- - - Poll Results - - -")
for name,response in responses.items():
    print(name + " would like to climb "+response + ".")

输出测试：

What is your name? Eric
Which mountion would you like to climb someday? Denali
Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) yes

What is your name? Lynn
Which mountion would you like to climb someday? Devil's Thumb
Would you like to let another person respond?(yes/no) no

- - - Poll Results - - -
Eric would like to climb Denali.
Lynn would like to climb Devil's Thumb.

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/cathycheng/p/11189611.html