QT C++在2D图形方面已经做的很完善了,在PC端(Windows、Linux和MaC)上都有很好的表现。
QT中的QML特别适合于移动端应用的开发,QML中的一些基本形状类型并不是一一地与Qt C++相对应,但是通过C++可以来扩展QML。
QQuickPaintedItem继承自QQuickItem,提供了使用QPainter API的方法来扩展QML中的2D图形项。
QQuickPaintedItem没有像QGraphicsItem那样提供shape()方法来获取图形项的具体实际形状,但是其包含contains()方法,我们可以间接地结合鼠标操作点来判断是否包含在实际形状范围内。
废话不多说,直接上测试代码:
CustomItem.h
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 |
#ifndef
CUSTOMITEM_H #define CUSTOMITEM_H #include <QQuickPaintedItem> #include <QQuickItem> #include <QMouseEvent> #include <QPainter> class CustomItem : public QQuickPaintedItem { Q_OBJECT Q_PROPERTY(QString name READ name WRITE setName) Q_PROPERTY(QColor color READ color WRITE setColor) public : CustomItem(QQuickItem *parent = nullptr); QString name() const ; void setName( const QString &name); QColor color() const ; void setColor( const QColor &color); // override paint() for actual painting. virtual void paint(QPainter *painter); // override contans() for shape mask, Q_INVOKABLE for QML use. Q_INVOKABLE virtual bool contains( const QPointF &point) const ; virtual void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event); virtual void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event); virtual void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event); private : QString m_name; QColor m_color; }; #endif // CUSTOMITEM_H |
CustomItem.cpp
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 |
#include
"CustomItem.h"
#include <QPainter> #include <QPainterPathStroker> #include <QDebug> CustomItem::CustomItem(QQuickItem *parent) : QQuickPaintedItem(parent) { setAcceptedMouseButtons(Qt::LeftButton | Qt::RightButton | Qt::MiddleButton); setFlag(QQuickItem::ItemHasContents); } QString CustomItem::name() const { return m_name; } void CustomItem::setName( const QString &name) { m_name = name; } QColor CustomItem::color() const { return m_color; } void CustomItem::setColor( const QColor &color) { m_color = color; } void CustomItem::paint(QPainter *painter) { // pen & brush QPen pen(m_color, 10 ); QLinearGradient gradient; gradient.setStart( 0 , 50 ); gradient.setFinalStop( 200 , 50 ); gradient.setColorAt( 0 , Qt::blue); gradient.setColorAt( 0 . 2 , Qt::green); gradient.setColorAt( 0 . 4 , Qt::red); gradient.setColorAt( 0 . 6 , Qt::yellow); gradient.setColorAt( 1 , Qt::cyan); painter->setPen(pen); painter->setBrush(gradient); painter->setRenderHints(QPainter::Antialiasing, true ); // Unclosed shape static const QPointF points[ 3 ] = { QPointF( 10 . 0 , 100 . 0 ), QPointF( 20 . 0 , 10 . 0 ), QPointF( 200 . 0 , 50 . 0 ), }; painter->save(); pen.setJoinStyle(Qt::MiterJoin); // MiterJoin, BevelJoin, RoundJoin pen.setCapStyle(Qt::RoundCap); // FlatCap, SquareCap, RoundCap pen.setStyle(Qt::DashLine); painter->drawPolyline(points, 3 ); painter->restore(); // Closed shape QPainterPath path; path.addEllipse(QRectF( 10 . 0 , 10 . 0 , width() - 10 . 0 , height() - 10 . 0 )); painter->drawPath(path); /* 三角形 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(width() / 2, 0); path.lineTo(width(), height()); path.lineTo(0, height()); path.lineTo(width() / 2, 0); painter->fillPath(path, m_color); */ } bool CustomItem::contains( const QPointF &point) const { // Unclosed shape static const QPointF points[ 3 ] = { QPointF( 10 . 0 , 100 . 0 ), QPointF( 20 . 0 , 10 . 0 ), QPointF( 200 . 0 , 50 . 0 ), }; QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(points[ 0 ]); path.lineTo(points[ 1 ]); path.lineTo(points[ 2 ]); QPainterPathStroker stroker; stroker.setWidth( 10 ); stroker.setJoinStyle(Qt::MiterJoin); stroker.setCapStyle(Qt::RoundCap); stroker.setDashPattern(Qt::SolidLine); return stroker.createStroke(path).contains(point); // Close shape QPainterPath path; path.addEllipse(QRectF( 10 . 0 , 10 . 0 , width() - 10 . 0 , height() - 10 . 0 )); QPainterPathStroker stroker; stroker.setWidth( 10 ); return path.contains(point) || stroker.createStroke(path).contains(point); /* 三角形 QPainterPath path; path.moveTo(width() / 2, 0); path.lineTo(width(), height()); path.lineTo(0, height()); path.lineTo(width() / 2, 0); QPainterPathStroker stroker; stroker.setWidth(10); return return path.contains(point) || stroker.createStroke(path).contains(point); */ } void CustomItem::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *event) { qDebug() << "CustomItem::mousePressEvent" ; QQuickPaintedItem::mousePressEvent(event); } void CustomItem::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *event) { qDebug() << "CustomItem::mouseMoveEvent" ; QQuickPaintedItem::mouseMoveEvent(event); } void CustomItem::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *event) { qDebug() << "CustomItem::mouseReleaseEvent" ; QQuickPaintedItem::mouseReleaseEvent(event); } |
在main.cpp中注册CustomItem类型:qmlRegisterType<CustomItem>("CustomItem", 1, 0, "CustomItem");
main.cpp
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 |
#include
<QGuiApplication> #include <QQmlApplicationEngine> #include "CustomItem.h" int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { qputenv( "QT_IM_MODULE" , QByteArray( "qtvirtualkeyboard" )); QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling); QGuiApplication app(argc, argv); qmlRegisterType<CustomItem>( "CustomItem" , 1 , 0 , "CustomItem" ); QQmlApplicationEngine engine; const QUrl url(QStringLiteral( "qrc:/main.qml" )); QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated, &app, [url](QObject * obj, const QUrl & objUrl) { if (!obj && url == objUrl) QCoreApplication::exit(- 1 ); }, Qt::QueuedConnection); engine.load(url); return app.exec(); } |
在qml文件中使用:
main.qml
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 |
import
QtQuick
2
.
12
import QtQuick.Window 2 . 12 import QtQuick.Controls 2 . 5 import CustomItem 1 . 0 Window { id: window visible: true width: 640 height: 480 title: qsTr( "qml-2d-viewer" ) Button { id: btn anchors.right: parent.right anchors.bottom: parent.bottom text: "Populate" onClicked: { var object = Qt.createQmlObject( 'import QtQuick 2.12; import CustomItem 1 . 0 ; CustomItem { width: 100 height: 50 x: window.width * Math.random() y: window.height * Math.random() name: "A simple Rectangle Item" color: Qt.rgba(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), 1 ) MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { if (parent.contains(Qt.point(mouse.x, mouse.y))){ drag.target = parent parent.color = Qt.rgba(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), 1 ); parent.update(); } else { drag.target = null } } drag.axis: Drag.XAndYAxis drag.minimumX: 0 drag.maximumX: window.width - parent.width drag.minimumY: 0 drag.maximumY: window.height - parent.width } } ', parent, "dynamicSnippet" ); } } // QML Rectangle Type Rectangle { id: blueSquare width: 120 ; height: 120 x: window.width - width - 10 ; y: 10 // making this item draggable, so don't use anchors color: "blue" visible: false Text { text: "Drag" ; font.pixelSize: 16 ; color: "white" ; anchors.centerIn: parent } MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent //! [drag] drag.target: blueSquare drag.axis: Drag.XAndYAxis drag.minimumX: 0 drag.maximumX: window.width - parent.width drag.minimumY: 0 drag.maximumY: window.height - parent.width //! [drag] } } // CustomItem Type Inherited from QQuickPaintedItem CustomItem { id: aRectangle width: 200 height: 100 name: "A simple Rectangle Item" color: "red" MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onPressed: { if (parent.contains(Qt.point(mouse.x, mouse.y))){ drag.target = parent parent.color = Qt.rgba(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), 1 ); parent.update(); } else { drag.target = null } } drag.axis: Drag.XAndYAxis drag.minimumX: 0 drag.maximumX: window.width - parent.width drag.minimumY: 0 drag.maximumY: window.height - parent.width } } } |
Q_INVOKABLE宏将contains()方法注册到元对象系统中,这样QML就可以调用该方法来判断鼠标指针点是否在图形项形状区域,从而实现精准拾取。
在QML中MouseArea为简单的鼠标交互提供了方便,比较容易使用,如果有了MouseArea,则C++中的鼠标响应事件就不再响应。