字典(dict )
key-value,无序的(没有索引,通过键找值)、可变的数据类型(值可变,键不可变)
1).dict的格式
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","height":"185","weight":"140"} print(dic,type(dic))
2).dict的相关操作和函数
1).增:
通过键增加值
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","height":"180","weight":"130"} dic["job"] = "IT" print(dic)
2).删:
pop(key) 删除指定key值的键值对,同时返回删除的值;
popitem() 删除字典中最后一对键值;
clear() 清空字典内元素,保留空字典
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","weight":"130","height":"180"} print(dic.pop("name"))
print(dic) dic.popitem() print(dic) dic.clear() print(dic)
3).改:
键改值
update(dic2) 将dic2中的键值对更新到dic中,键相同覆盖值,键不同直接增加键值对;
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","weight":"130","height":"180"} dic["name"] = "alex" print(dic)
dic2 = {"name":"Alex","job":"IT"}
dic.update(dic2)
print(dic)
4).查:
键找值;
get("key") 返回key所对应的值,字典中无key值,则报错;
setdefault("key") 类似get,字典中如果无key值,会自动添加一个None值作为新的键值对添加到字典中;
keys() 得到所以的key值;
values() 得到所以的value值;
items() 将key和value放入元组中;
formkeys(seq,[value]) 生成一个新的字典,所以键只对应同一个值,seq--新字典的键,value--新字典的值;
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","weight":"130","height":"180"} print(dic["name"]) print(dic.get("name")) print(dic.setdefault("job")) print(dic) print(dic.keys()) print(dic.values()) print(dic.items()) seq = ("name","age","job") dict = dict.fromkeys(seq,["Jack",23]) print(dict)
5).对字典整体的操作:
copy() 复制字典
del() 删除整个字典
dic = {"name":"Jack","age":"23","weight":"130","height":"180"} dic2 = dic.copy() print(dic2) del dic2 print(dic2)