一 HttpWebReques
1,HttpWebRequest是个抽象类,所以无法new的,需要调用HttpWebRequest.Create();
2,其Method指定了请求类型,这里用的GET,还有POST;也可以指定ConentType;
3,其请求的Uri必须是绝对地址;
4,其请求是异步回调方式的,从BeginGetResponse开始,并通过AsyncCallback指定回调方法;
二 WebClient
1,WebClient 方式使用基于事件的异步编程模型,在HTTP响应返回时引发的WebClient回调是在UI线程中调用的,因此可用于更新UI元素的属性,
例如把 HTTP响应中的数据绑定到UI的指定控件上进行显示。HttpWebRequest是基于后台进程运行的,回调不是UI线程,所以不能直接对UI进行操作,通常使用Dispatcher.BeginInvoke()跟界面进行通讯。
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1 //body是要传递的参数,格式"roleId=1&uid=2" 2 //post的cotentType填写: 3 //"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" 4 //soap填写:"text/xml; charset=utf-8" 5 public static string PostHttp(string url, string body, string contentType) 6 { 7 HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url); 8 9 httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType; 10 httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; 11 httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000; 12 13 byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body); 14 httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length; 15 httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length); 16 17 HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); 18 StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()); 19 string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); 20 21 httpWebResponse.Close(); 22 streamReader.Close(); 23 httpWebRequest.Abort(); 24 httpWebResponse.Close(); 25 26 return responseContent; 27 } 28 29 POST方法(httpWebRequest)
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1 /// <summary> 2 /// 通过WebClient类Post数据到远程地址,需要Basic认证; 3 /// 调用端自己处理异常 4 /// </summary> 5 /// <param name="uri"></param> 6 /// <param name="paramStr">name=张三&age=20</param> 7 /// <param name="encoding">请先确认目标网页的编码方式</param> 8 /// <param name="username"></param> 9 /// <param name="password"></param> 10 /// <returns></returns> 11 public static string Request_WebClient(string uri, string paramStr, Encoding encoding, string username, string password) 12 { 13 if (encoding == null) 14 encoding = Encoding.UTF8; 15 16 string result = string.Empty; 17 18 WebClient wc = new WebClient(); 19 20 // 采取POST方式必须加的Header 21 wc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 22 23 byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(paramStr); 24 25 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) 26 { 27 wc.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password); 28 wc.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password)); 29 } 30 31 byte[] responseData = wc.UploadData(uri, "POST", postData); // 得到返回字符流 32 return encoding.GetString(responseData);// 解码 33 } 34 35 POST方法(WebClient)
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1 public static string GetHttp(string url, HttpContext httpContext) 2 { 3 string queryString = "?"; 4 5 foreach (string key in httpContext.Request.QueryString.AllKeys) 6 { 7 queryString += key + "=" + httpContext.Request.QueryString[key] + "&"; 8 } 9 10 queryString = queryString.Substring(0, queryString.Length - 1); 11 12 HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + queryString); 13 14 httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json"; 15 httpWebRequest.Method = "GET"; 16 httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000; 17 18 //byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body); 19 //httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length; 20 //httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length); 21 22 HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse(); 23 StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream()); 24 string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); 25 26 httpWebResponse.Close(); 27 streamReader.Close(); 28 29 return responseContent; 30 } 31 32 Get方法(HttpWebRequest)
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1 /// <summary> 2 /// 通过 WebRequest/WebResponse 类访问远程地址并返回结果,需要Basic认证; 3 /// 调用端自己处理异常 4 /// </summary> 5 /// <param name="uri"></param> 6 /// <param name="timeout">访问超时时间,单位毫秒;如果不设置超时时间,传入0</param> 7 /// <param name="encoding">如果不知道具体的编码,传入null</param> 8 /// <param name="username"></param> 9 /// <param name="password"></param> 10 /// <returns></returns> 11 public static string Request_WebRequest(string uri, int timeout, Encoding encoding, string username, string password) 12 { 13 string result = string.Empty; 14 15 WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(uri)); 16 17 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password)) 18 { 19 request.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password); 20 request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password)); 21 } 22 23 if (timeout > 0) 24 request.Timeout = timeout; 25 26 WebResponse response = request.GetResponse(); 27 Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream(); 28 StreamReader sr = encoding == null ? new StreamReader(stream) : new StreamReader(stream, encoding); 29 30 result = sr.ReadToEnd(); 31 32 sr.Close(); 33 stream.Close(); 34 35 return result; 36 } 37 38 #region # 生成 Http Basic 访问凭证 # 39 40 private static CredentialCache GetCredentialCache(string uri, string username, string password) 41 { 42 string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password); 43 44 CredentialCache credCache = new CredentialCache(); 45 credCache.Add(new Uri(uri), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password)); 46 47 return credCache; 48 } 49 50 private static string GetAuthorization(string username, string password) 51 { 52 string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password); 53 54 return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization)); 55 } 56 57 #endregion 58 59 basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse