c++第五次实验

第五次实验

第一题（1）

 1 // 示例：多层继承，没有使用虚函数 
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 // 基类Base1 
 6 class Base1 {
 7     public:
 8         void display() const {cout << "Base1::display()" << endl; }
 9 };
10 
11 // 派生类Base2，公有继承自Base1 
12 class Base2:public Base1{
13     public:
14         void display() const { cout << "Base2::display()" << endl; }
15 };
16 
17 // 派生类Derived，公有继承自Base2 
18 class Derived: public Base2 {
19     public:
20         void display() const { cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;}
21 };
22 
23 void fun(Base1 *ptr) {
24     ptr->display();
25 }
26 
27 
28 int main() {
29     
30     Base1 base1;
31     Base2 base2;
32     Derived derived;
33     
34     // 观察：通过"对象名.成员名"访问类族中同名成员函数时运行结果
35     base1.display();
36     base2.display();
37     derived.display();
38      
39     // 观察：通过公共接口函数fun()，利用基类指针访问同名成员函数时运行结果 
40     fun(&base1);
41     fun(&base2);
42     fun(&derived);
43     
44     return 0;
45 }

没有使用虚函数，当通过基类指针指向派生类对象的成员函数时，调用的只是继承来的基类的成员函数！

（2）

 1 // 示例：多层继承，使用虚函数
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 // 基类Base1
 6 class Base1 {
 7     public:
 8         virtual void display() const {cout << "Base1::display()" << endl; }  // 相较于ex1_1.cpp, 基类Base1中成员函数前添加了关键字virtual
 9 };
10 
11 // 派生类Base2，公有继承自Base1
12 class Base2:public Base1{
13     public:
14         void display() const { cout << "Base2::display()" << endl; }
15 };
16 
17 // 派生类Derived，公有继承自Base2
18 class Derived: public Base2 {
19     public:
20         void display() const { cout << "Derived::display()" << endl;}
21 };
22 
23 void fun(Base1 *ptr) {
24     ptr->display();
25 }
26 
27 
28 int main() {
29 
30     Base1 base1;
31     Base2 base2;
32     Derived derived;
33 
34     // 观察：通过"对象名.成员名"访问类族中同名成员函数时运行结果
35     base1.display();
36     base2.display();
37     derived.display();
38 
39     // 观察：通过公共接口函数fun()，利用基类指针访问同名成员函数时运行结果
40     fun(&base1);
41     fun(&base2);
42     fun(&derived);
43 
44     return 0;
45 }

使用虚函数时通过调用基类的指针指向派生类的对象的话，会调用派生类中的函数，基类的函数被覆盖了

第二题

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <cmath>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 const float PI = 3.14;
 5 
 6 //抽象类Shape
 7 class Shape {
 8     public:
 9         virtual float area()=0;   // 纯虚函数
10 };
11 
12 // 派生类Rectangle供有继承自类Shape
13 class Rectangle: public Shape {
14     public:
15         Rectangle() {}
16         Rectangle(float l, float w): length(l), width(w) { }
17         float area() { return length*width; }
18     private:
19         float length, width;
20 };
21 
22 // 派生类Cirle公有继承自类Shape
23 class Circle: public Shape {
24     public:
25         Circle() {}
26         Circle(float r): radius(r) { }
27         float area() { return PI*radius*radius; }
28     private:
29         float radius;
30 };
31 
32 
33 // 派生类Triangle公有继承自类Shape
34 class Triangle: public Shape {
35     public:
36         Triangle() {}
37         Triangle(float a, float b, float c):side1(a), side2(b), side3(c) { }
38         float area() {
39             float t;
40             t = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2;
41             return sqrt( t*(t-side1)*(t-side2)*(t-side3) );
42         }
43     private:
44         float side1, side2, side3;
45 };
46 
47 // 接口函数，为打印图形面积提供了一个统一的功能接口，用于打印图形面积
48 // 形参是指向基类的指针，按照继承和派生机制中的赋值兼容原则，它也可以指向派生类的对象
49 void printArea(Shape *p) {
50     cout << p->area() << endl;
51 }
52 
53 int main() {
54     Rectangle rect(3,4);
55     Circle  cc(2);
56     Triangle  tt(3,4,5);
57 
58     printArea(&rect);
59     printArea(&cc);
60     printArea(&tt);
61 
62     return 0;
63 }

纯虚函数的抽象类，自身无法构造对象，但是可以通过派生类构造对象实例，是多态的完美体现

第三题

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 using namespace std;
 4 class MachinePets
 5 {
 6 public:
 7     MachinePets(const string s):nickname(s){}
 8     virtual string talk()=0;
 9     string getNickname();
10 private:
11     string nickname;
12 };
13 
14 string MachinePets::getNickname()
15 {
16     return nickname;
17 }
18 
19 
20 
21 class PetCats:public MachinePets
22 {
23 public:
24     PetCats(const string s):MachinePets(s){}
25     string talk();
26 };
27 
28 string PetCats::talk()
29 {
30     return "says miao wu~";
31 }
32 
33 
34 class PetDogs:public MachinePets
35 {
36 public:
37     PetDogs(const string s):MachinePets(s){}
38     string talk();
39 };
40 
41 string PetDogs::talk()
42 {
43     return "says wang wang~";
44 }
45 
46 void play(MachinePets* p)
47 {
48     cout<<p->getNickname()<<p->talk()<<endl;
49 }
50 int main ()
51 {
52     PetCats cat("miku");
53     PetDogs dog("da huang");
54     play(&cat);
55     play(&dog);
56     return 0;
57 }

第四题

1 #ifndef _CONTAINER    //1????????   // Conditional compilation
2 #define _CONTAINER

1 bool container::useHeal()
2 {
3     numOfHeal--;//2_????????
4     return 1;        // use heal successfully
5 }

1 void player::transfer(player &p)
2 {
3     cout<<name<<" got"<<p.bag.nOfHeal()<<" Heal, and "<<p.bag.nOfMW()<<" Magic Water."<<endl;
4     system("pause");
5     bag.set(p.bag.nOfHeal()+bag.nOfHeal(),p.bag.nOfMW()+bag.nOfMW());//3_???????????
6     // set the character's bag, get opponent's items
7 }

1 // display character's job
2 void showinfo(player& p1,player& p2)//4_??????????????

1 class swordsman : public player//5_?????????        // subclass swordsman publicly inherited from base player

1 if (human->death())
2             {
3                 system("cls");
4                 cout<<endl<<setw(50)<<"GAME OVER"<<endl;
5                 human->isDead();//6_???????????        // player is dead, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?
6                 system("pause");
7                 return 0;
8             }

1 //7_?????????            // You win, program is getting to its end, what should we do here?

第七个空不知道该填什么，感觉不填也没关系

总结：多态是c++的重要特征，虚函数，纯虚函数，抽象类的使用要多加练习

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/knight04/p/10968090.html