C# Primer Plus编程练习14.8

要求编一个Rainfall类和RainfallQuarterly类，联系的目的是使用属性器和索引器，以及运算符重载。在其中尝试使用了一下try-catch，遇到的问题在上一篇随笔里已经提到了。给数组赋值时不能使用foreach，因为它不允许修改数组值。其他的也没什么特别的。只是main过于零乱与简单。
 ps：程序里所有的int型改成uint比较合适。转换运算符对显式和隐式的声明我和答案相反，可能是角度不一样，并且具体实现也不一样。但public static implicit operator Rainfall(RainfallQuarterly rainfallQuarterly)声明为explicit更好，因为除以4会发生截断造成数据丢失。

using  System;



namespace  ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Rainfall
    {
        private int[] monthRainfall=new int[12];                    //每月降水量

        public Rainfall()                                            //默认构造函数，月降水量为0
        {
            for(int i=0;i<12;i++)
                monthRainfall[i]=0;
        }
        public Rainfall(params int[] monthRainfall)                    //构造函数，输入值为1至12月的降水量，若参数个数超过12则抛出异常
        {
            if(monthRainfall.Length>12)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("一年只有12个月！");
            //使用Clone方法，this.monthRainfall=(int[])monthRainfall.Clone(); 
            //this.monthRainfall指向一个新的长为3的数组，this.monthRainfall.Length=3
            for(int i=0;i<monthRainfall.Length;i++)
                this.monthRainfall[i]=monthRainfall[i];
            //不能使用foreach，foreach不允许修改数组值
            for(int j=monthRainfall.Length;j<12;j++)
                this.monthRainfall[j]=0;
        }
        public void BrowseAll()                                        //显示全部降水
        {
            Console.WriteLine("一月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[0]);
            Console.WriteLine("二月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[1]);
            Console.WriteLine("三月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[2]);
            Console.WriteLine("四月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[3]);
            Console.WriteLine("五月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[4]);
            Console.WriteLine("六月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[5]);
            Console.WriteLine("七月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[6]);
            Console.WriteLine("八月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[7]);
            Console.WriteLine("九月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[8]);
            Console.WriteLine("十月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[9]);
            Console.WriteLine("十一月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[10]);
            Console.WriteLine("十二月降水量：{0}mm",monthRainfall[11]);
            Console.WriteLine("平均降水量：{0}mm",Average);
        }
        public int this[int index]                                    //只读索引，获取一个月的降水量，越界抛出异常
        {
            get
            {
                if(index<1||index>monthRainfall.Length)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("索引越界！"); 
                return monthRainfall[index-1];
            }
        }
        public int Average                                            //只读属性，返回平均降水量
        {
            get
            {
                int sum=0;
                foreach(int temp in monthRainfall)
                {
                    sum+=temp;
                }
                return sum/monthRainfall.Length;
            }
        }
        public static Rainfall operator+(Rainfall rainfall1,Rainfall rainfall2)        //重载+，将两个成员数组对应值相加得到新对象
        {
            Rainfall rainfall=new Rainfall(rainfall1[1]+rainfall2[1],rainfall1[2]+rainfall2[2],rainfall1[3]+rainfall2[3],rainfall1[4]+rainfall2[4],rainfall1[5]+rainfall2[5],rainfall1[6]+rainfall2[6],rainfall1[7]+rainfall2[7],rainfall1[8]+rainfall2[8],rainfall1[9]+rainfall2[9],rainfall1[10]+rainfall2[10],rainfall1[11]+rainfall2[11],rainfall1[12]+rainfall2[12]);
            return rainfall;
        }
        public static bool operator>(Rainfall rainfall1,Rainfall rainfall2)            //重载>,<，全部以Average属性为比较依据
        {
            if(rainfall1.Average>rainfall2.Average)
                return true;
            else 
                return false;
        }
        public static bool operator<(Rainfall rainfall1,Rainfall rainfall2)
        {
            if(rainfall1.Average<rainfall2.Average)
                return true;
            else 
                return false;
        }
        public static implicit operator Rainfall(RainfallQuarterly rainfallQuarterly)    //转换运算符，把RainfallQuarterly显式式转为Rallfall
        {                                                                                //不能把该方法放到RainfallQuarterly中，因为使用了私有变量rainfall.monthRainfall
            Rainfall rainfall=new Rainfall();
            for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
            {
                rainfall.monthRainfall[i]=rainfallQuarterly[i+1]/4;
                rainfall.monthRainfall[i+4]=rainfallQuarterly[i+1]/4;
                rainfall.monthRainfall[i+8]=rainfallQuarterly[i+1]/4;
            }
            return rainfall;
        }


    }

    class RainfallQuarterly
    {
        private int[] rainfallSeason=new int[4];                                    //保存每季度的降水量
        public RainfallQuarterly()                                            //默认构造函数，季降水量为0
        {
            for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
                rainfallSeason[i]=0;
        }
        public RainfallQuarterly(params int[] rainfallSeason)                //构造函数，输入值为1至4季的降水量，若参数个数超过4则抛出异常
        {
            if(rainfallSeason.Length>4)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("一年只有4个季度！");
            for(int i=0;i<rainfallSeason.Length;i++)
                this.rainfallSeason[i]=rainfallSeason[i];
            for(int j=rainfallSeason.Length;j<4;j++)
                this.rainfallSeason[j]=0;
        }
        public void BrowseAllSeasons()                                        //显示全部降水
        {
            Console.WriteLine("一季度降水量：{0}mm",rainfallSeason[0]);
            Console.WriteLine("二季度降水量：{0}mm",rainfallSeason[1]);
            Console.WriteLine("三季度降水量：{0}mm",rainfallSeason[2]);
            Console.WriteLine("四季度降水量：{0}mm",rainfallSeason[3]);
        }
        public int this[int index]                                    //只读索引，获取一个季度的降水量，越界抛出异常
        {
            get
            {
                if(index<1||index>rainfallSeason.Length)
                    throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("索引越界！"); 
                return rainfallSeason[index-1];
            }
        }

        public static explicit operator RainfallQuarterly(Rainfall rainfall)        //转换运算符，把Rainfall显式式转为RainfallQuarterly，为防止溢出（实际上基本不会）
        {                                                                            //可以把该方法放到任意相关类中
            RainfallQuarterly rainfallQuarterly;
            int[] temp=new int[4];
            int sum=0;
            for(int i=0;i<4;i++)
            {
                sum=0;
                for(int j=i*3;j<(i+1)*3;j++)
                {
                    sum+=rainfall[j+1];
                }
                temp[i]=sum;
            }
            rainfallQuarterly=new RainfallQuarterly(temp);
            return rainfallQuarterly;
        }

    }
    /**//// <summary>
    /// Test 的摘要说明。
    /// </summary>
    class Test
    { 
        /**//// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        public static int Main()
        {
            //
            // TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动应用程序
            //
            int[] array={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
            RainfallQuarterly rainfallQuarterly=null;
            try
            {
                rainfallQuarterly=new RainfallQuarterly(array);
            }
            catch(ArgumentOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }

            //Rainfall rainfall2=new Rainfall(array);
            Rainfall rainfall=null;
            //rainfall=rainfall1+rainfall2;
            try
            {
                rainfall=new Rainfall(array);
            }
            catch(ArgumentOutOfRangeException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
            }
            rainfall.BrowseAll();
            RainfallQuarterly rainfallSeason=(RainfallQuarterly)rainfall;
            rainfallSeason.BrowseAllSeasons();
            Rainfall rainfall2=rainfallSeason;
            rainfall2.BrowseAll();

            //
            //结束程序
            //
            Console.WriteLine("\nThanks for using!\nPress Enter to cancle");
            Console.ReadLine();

            return(0);
        }
    }
}

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/BlueskyGreenearth/archive/2005/03/30/128671.html