利用WM_COPYDATA可以轻松实现两个进程间的通信,但是一般都是传string数据,今天看到CSDN上有人问如何传Struct。下面是我的解决方法。
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public
struct
COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public int dwData;
public int cbData;
public int lpData;
}
[DllImport(
"
user32
"
, EntryPoint
=
"
SendMessageA
"
)]
public
static
extern
int
SendMessage(
int
Hwnd,
int
wMsg,
int
wParam,
ref
COPYDATASTRUCT lParam);
const
int
WM_COPYDATA
=
0x004A
;
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
//
定义要传递的Struct
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct
WholeInfo
{
//SizeConst指定字符串很重要,后面要用到
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 10)]
public string cPath;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 10)]
public string lPath;
public bool status;
}
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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//
发送方代码
WholeInfo h
=
new
WholeInfo();
h.lPath
=
"
lPath
"
;
h.cPath
=
"
cPath
"
;
h.status
=
true
;
int
size
=
Marshal.SizeOf(
typeof
(WholeInfo ));
byte
[] Bytes
=
new
byte
[size];
//
根据定义的尺寸分配内存块
GCHandle GC
=
GCHandle.Alloc(Bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
IntPtr ptr1
=
GC.AddrOfPinnedObject();
//
获得Struct对应的IntPtr
Marshal.StructureToPtr(h, ptr1,
false
);
SendData.lpData
=
ptr1.ToInt32();
SendData.cbData
=
size;
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
int
intHWnd
=
FindWindow(
null
,
@"
接收方
"
);
if
(intHWnd
>
0
)
{
SendMessage(intHWnd , WM_COPYDATA, 0,ref (SendData));
}
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//
接收方代码
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
//
处理消息
protected
override
void
DefWndProc(
ref
System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch(m.Msg)
{
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT RecvData = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(typeof(COPYDATASTRUCT));
WholeInfo h = (WholeInfo)Marshal.PtrToStructure((IntPtr)RecvData.lpData, typeof(WholeInfo));
this.textBox1.Text = h.cPath ;
break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
}
![](https://www.cnblogs.com/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
}
关键的代码就是
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 10)]
这样C#才能分配正确的内存位置,但是要记住一个汉字占2位
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关键的代码就是
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 10)]
这样C#才能分配正确的内存位置,但是要记住一个汉字占2位
2:从C#下使用WM_COPYDATA传输数据说到Marshal的应用
笔者曾在一个项目的实施过程中,需要使用WM_COPYDATA在本地机器的两个进程间传输数据。在C++中实现非常简单,但在C#中实现时却出现了麻烦。由于没有指针,使用COPYDATASTRUCT结构传递数据时,无法正确传递lpData。从网上搜寻文档,找到一个例子,是将COPYDATASTRUCT结构的lpData声明为string。这样虽然能传递字符串,但不能传递随意的二进制数据。
偶然地,我查阅MSDN帮助时,发现了Marshal类。该类概述描述道:提供了一个方法集,这些方法用于分配非托管内存、复制非托管内存块、将托管类型转换为非托管类型,此外还提供了在与非托管代码交互时使用的其他杂项方法。这时,我豁然开朗,觉得找到了一个托管代码与非托管代码交互的桥梁。
于是我声明COPYDATASTRUCT如下:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
在发送数据时,我使用Marshal类分配一块全局内存,并将数据拷入这块内存,然后发送消息:
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = data.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(data.Length);
Marshal.Copy(data,0,cds.lpData,data.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = data.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(data.Length);
Marshal.Copy(data,0,cds.lpData,data.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
在接收数据时,我使用Marshal类将数据从这块全局内存拷出,然后处理消息:
COPYDATASTRUCT cds = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = cds.GetType();
cds = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
uint flag = (uint)(cds.dwData);
byte[] bt = new byte[cds.cbData];
Marshal.Copy(cds.lpData,bt,0,bt.Length);
Type mytype = cds.GetType();
cds = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
uint flag = (uint)(cds.dwData);
byte[] bt = new byte[cds.cbData];
Marshal.Copy(cds.lpData,bt,0,bt.Length);
详细源码如下:
/// <summary>
/// Windows 的COPYDATA消息封装类。
/// </summary>
public class Messager : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
//消息标识
private const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
//消息数据类型(typeFlag以上二进制,typeFlag以下字符)
private const uint typeFlag = 0x8000;
/// <summary>
/// 重载CopyDataStruct
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
//
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage")]
private static extern int SendMessage(
int hWnd, // handle to destination window
int Msg, // message
int wParam, // first message parameter
ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam // second message parameter
);
//
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="FindWindow")]
private static extern int FindWindow(string lpClassName,string lpWindowName);
//接收到数据委托与事件定义
public delegate void ReceiveStringEvent(object sender,uint flag,string str);
public delegate void ReceiveBytesEvent(object sender,uint flag,byte[] bt);
public event ReceiveStringEvent OnReceiveString;
public event ReceiveBytesEvent OnReceiveBytes;
//发送数据委托与事件定义
public delegate void SendStringEvent(object sender,uint flag,string str);
public delegate void SendBytesEvent(object sender,uint flag,byte[] bt);
public event SendStringEvent OnSendString;
public event SendBytesEvent OnSendBytes;
//
public Messager()
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if(components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
/// 此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
//
// Messager
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 14);
this.Name = "Messager";
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
this.Text = "Demo_Emluator";
this.WindowState = System.Windows.Forms.FormWindowState.Minimized;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
///重载窗口消息处理函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="m"></param>
protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch(m.Msg)
{
//接收CopyData消息,读取发送过来的数据
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT cds = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = cds.GetType();
cds = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
uint flag = (uint)(cds.dwData);
byte[] bt = new byte[cds.cbData];
Marshal.Copy(cds.lpData,bt,0,bt.Length);
if(flag <= typeFlag)
{
if(OnReceiveString != null)
{
OnReceiveString(this,flag,System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(bt));
}
}
else
{
if(OnReceiveBytes != null)
{
OnReceiveBytes(this,flag,bt);
}
}
break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送字符串格式数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="destWindow">目标窗口标题</param>
/// <param name="flag">数据标志</param>
/// <param name="str">数据</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool SendString(string destWindow,uint flag,string str)
{
if(flag > typeFlag)
{
MessageBox.Show("要发送的数据不是字符格式");
return false;
}
int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@destWindow);
if(WINDOW_HANDLER == 0) return false;
try
{
byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = sarr.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sarr.Length);
Marshal.Copy(sarr,0,cds.lpData,sarr.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
if(OnSendString != null)
{
OnSendString(this,flag,str);
}
return true;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送二进制格式数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="destWindow">目标窗口</param>
/// <param name="flag">数据标志</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool SendBytes(string destWindow,uint flag,byte[] data)
{
if(flag <= typeFlag)
{
MessageBox.Show("要发送的数据不是二进制格式");
return false;
}
int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@destWindow);
if(WINDOW_HANDLER == 0) return false;
try
{
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = data.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(data.Length);
Marshal.Copy(data,0,cds.lpData,data.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
if(OnSendBytes != null)
{
OnSendBytes(this,flag,data);
}
return true;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
/// Windows 的COPYDATA消息封装类。
/// </summary>
public class Messager : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需的设计器变量。
/// </summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
//消息标识
private const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
//消息数据类型(typeFlag以上二进制,typeFlag以下字符)
private const uint typeFlag = 0x8000;
/// <summary>
/// 重载CopyDataStruct
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
{
public IntPtr dwData;
public int cbData;
public IntPtr lpData;
}
//
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="SendMessage")]
private static extern int SendMessage(
int hWnd, // handle to destination window
int Msg, // message
int wParam, // first message parameter
ref COPYDATASTRUCT lParam // second message parameter
);
//
[DllImport("User32.dll",EntryPoint="FindWindow")]
private static extern int FindWindow(string lpClassName,string lpWindowName);
//接收到数据委托与事件定义
public delegate void ReceiveStringEvent(object sender,uint flag,string str);
public delegate void ReceiveBytesEvent(object sender,uint flag,byte[] bt);
public event ReceiveStringEvent OnReceiveString;
public event ReceiveBytesEvent OnReceiveBytes;
//发送数据委托与事件定义
public delegate void SendStringEvent(object sender,uint flag,string str);
public delegate void SendBytesEvent(object sender,uint flag,byte[] bt);
public event SendStringEvent OnSendString;
public event SendBytesEvent OnSendBytes;
//
public Messager()
{
//
// Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
//
}
/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if(components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
/// 此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
//
// Messager
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(200, 14);
this.Name = "Messager";
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
this.Text = "Demo_Emluator";
this.WindowState = System.Windows.Forms.FormWindowState.Minimized;
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
///重载窗口消息处理函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="m"></param>
protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
{
switch(m.Msg)
{
//接收CopyData消息,读取发送过来的数据
case WM_COPYDATA:
COPYDATASTRUCT cds = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
Type mytype = cds.GetType();
cds = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
uint flag = (uint)(cds.dwData);
byte[] bt = new byte[cds.cbData];
Marshal.Copy(cds.lpData,bt,0,bt.Length);
if(flag <= typeFlag)
{
if(OnReceiveString != null)
{
OnReceiveString(this,flag,System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetString(bt));
}
}
else
{
if(OnReceiveBytes != null)
{
OnReceiveBytes(this,flag,bt);
}
}
break;
default:
base.DefWndProc(ref m);
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送字符串格式数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="destWindow">目标窗口标题</param>
/// <param name="flag">数据标志</param>
/// <param name="str">数据</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool SendString(string destWindow,uint flag,string str)
{
if(flag > typeFlag)
{
MessageBox.Show("要发送的数据不是字符格式");
return false;
}
int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@destWindow);
if(WINDOW_HANDLER == 0) return false;
try
{
byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(str);
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = sarr.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(sarr.Length);
Marshal.Copy(sarr,0,cds.lpData,sarr.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
if(OnSendString != null)
{
OnSendString(this,flag,str);
}
return true;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 发送二进制格式数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="destWindow">目标窗口</param>
/// <param name="flag">数据标志</param>
/// <param name="data">数据</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool SendBytes(string destWindow,uint flag,byte[] data)
{
if(flag <= typeFlag)
{
MessageBox.Show("要发送的数据不是二进制格式");
return false;
}
int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null,@destWindow);
if(WINDOW_HANDLER == 0) return false;
try
{
COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
cds.dwData = (IntPtr)flag;
cds.cbData = data.Length;
cds.lpData = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(data.Length);
Marshal.Copy(data,0,cds.lpData,data.Length);
SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER,WM_COPYDATA,0,ref cds);
if(OnSendBytes != null)
{
OnSendBytes(this,flag,data);
}
return true;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
通过测试使用,毫无问题。现贴出来,供后自己和来者参考。