[转帖]在C#用WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个进程之间传递数据

简介:

本文着重讲述了如果用WM_COPYDATA消息来实现两个进程之间传递数据.

进程之间通讯的几种方法:

在Windows程序中，各个进程之间常常需要交换数据，进行数据通讯。常用的方法有

使用内存映射文件
通过共享内存DLL共享内存
使用SendMessage向另一进程发送WM_COPYDATA消息

比起前两种的复杂实现来,WM_COPYDATA消息无疑是一种经济实惠的一中方法.

WM_COPYDATA消息的主要目的是允许在进程间传递只读数据。Windows在通过WM_COPYDATA消息传递期间，不提供继承同步方式。SDK文档推荐用户使用SendMessage函数，接受方在数据拷贝完成前不返回，这样发送方就不可能删除和修改数据：

这个函数的原型及其要用到的结构如下:

SendMessage(hwnd,WM_COPYDATA,wParam,lParam);
其中,WM_COPYDATA对应的十六进制数为0×004A

wParam设置为包含数据的窗口的句柄。lParam指向一个COPYDATASTRUCT的结构：
typedef struct tagCOPYDATASTRUCT{
DWORD dwData;//用户定义数据
DWORD cbData;//数据大小
PVOID lpData;//指向数据的指针
}COPYDATASTRUCT;该结构用来定义用户数据。

具体过程如下:

首先,在发送方,用FindWindow找到接受方的句柄,然后向接受方发送WM_COPYDATA消息.

接受方在DefWndProc事件中,来处理这条消息.由于中文编码是两个字节,所以传递中文时候字节长度要搞清楚.

代码中有适量的解释,大家请自己看吧.

具体代码如下:
//---------------------------------------------------
//发送方:
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WinFormSendMsg
{
    public partial class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "SendMessage")]
        private static extern int SendMessage(
        int hWnd,  //  handle  to  destination  window 
        int Msg,  //  message 
        int wParam,  //  first  message  parameter 
        ref  COPYDATASTRUCT lParam  //  second  message  parameter 
        );

        [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")]
        private static extern int FindWindow(string lpClassName, string
        lpWindowName);

        private void cHENGDUBindingNavigatorSaveItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Validate();
            this.cHENGDUBindingSource.EndEdit();
            this.cHENGDUTableAdapter.Update(this.dataSet1.CHENGDU);

        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // TODO: 这行代码将数据加载到表“dataSet1.CHENGDU”中。您可以根据需要移动或移除它。
            this.cHENGDUTableAdapter.Fill(this.dataSet1.CHENGDU);

        }

        private void cHENGDUDataGridView_CellClick(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
        {
           
            int WINDOW_HANDLER = FindWindow(null, @"接收方窗体");
            if (WINDOW_HANDLER == 0)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("接收方未启动");
            }
            else
            {

                byte[] sarr = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(cHENGDUDataGridView.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[2].Value.ToString());
                int len = sarr.Length;
                COPYDATASTRUCT cds;
                cds.dwData = (IntPtr)100;
                cds.lpData = cHENGDUDataGridView.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[2].Value.ToString();
                cds.cbData = len + 1;
                SendMessage(WINDOW_HANDLER, WM_COPYDATA, 0, ref  cds);
            }
        }
    }
    public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
    {
        public IntPtr dwData;
        public int cbData;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
        public string lpData;
    }
}

//---------------------------------------------------
//接受方
//---------------------------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace WindowsFormGetMsg
{
    public partial　class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form
    {
        const int WM_COPYDATA = 0x004A;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        [STAThread]
        protected override void DefWndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m)
        {
            switch (m.Msg)
            {
                //接收自定义消息 USER，并显示其参数
                case WM_COPYDATA:
                    COPYDATASTRUCT mystr = new COPYDATASTRUCT();
                    Type mytype = mystr.GetType();
                    mystr = (COPYDATASTRUCT)m.GetLParam(mytype);
                    this.label1.Text = mystr.lpData;

                    break;
                default:
                    base.DefWndProc(ref m);
                    break;
            }
        }

        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.panel1.Location = new Point(panel1.Location.X, panel1.Location.Y - 1);
            if ((panel1.Location.Y + panel1.Height) <= 0)
            {
                this.panel1.Location = new Point(panel1.Location.X, 310);
            }
        }

        private void label1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.panel1.Height = label1.Height;
            this.panel1.Location = new Point(panel1.Location.X, 310);
        }
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct COPYDATASTRUCT
    {
        public IntPtr dwData;
        public int cbData;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]
        public string lpData;
    }
}