java中builder用法_Java中lombok的@Builder注解的解析与简单使用详解

Lombok中@Builder用法

1、建造者模式简介：Builder 使用创建者模式又叫建造者模式。简单来说，就是一步步创建一个对象，它对用户屏蔽了里面构建的细节，但却可以精细地控制对象的构造过程。

2、注解类Builder.java注释：

* The builder annotation creates a so-called "builder" aspect to the class that is annotated or the class

* that contains a member which is annotated with {@code @Builder}.

*

* If a member is annotated, it must be either a constructor or a method. If a class is annotated,

* then a private constructor is generated with all fields as arguments

* (as if {@code @AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE)} is present

* on the class), and it is as if this constructor has been annotated with {@code @Builder} instead.

* Note that this constructor is only generated if you haven"t written any constructors and also haven"t

* added any explicit {@code @XArgsConstructor} annotations. In those cases, lombok will assume an all-args

* constructor is present and generate code that uses it; this means you"d get a compiler error if this

* constructor is not present.

在企业开发中，一般在领域对象实体上标注@Builder，其作用就相当于@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PRIVATE),@Builder一般与@Getter结合使用。

3、实战

① 编写测试实体类。

import lombok.Builder;

import lombok.Getter;

@Builder

//@Getter

public class Person {

private String name;

private String id;

private String phoneNumeber;

}

② 编写测试类。

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person.PersonBuilder builder = Person.builder();

builder.phoneNumeber("11111")

.id("1123")

.name("asdd").build();

System.out.println(builder);

}

}

③编译并执行的结果为：

Person.PersonBuilder(name=asdd, id=1123, phoneNumeber=11111)

④ 编译后的字节码分析：

//

// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA

// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)

//

package com.atyunniao;

public class Person {

private String name;

private String id;

private String phoneNumeber;

Person(String name, String id, String phoneNumeber) {

this.name = name;

this.id = id;

this.phoneNumeber = phoneNumeber;

}

public static Person.PersonBuilder builder() {

return new Person.PersonBuilder();

}

public String getName() {

return this.name;

}

public String getId() {

return this.id;

}

public String getPhoneNumeber() {

return this.phoneNumeber;

}

public static class PersonBuilder {

private String name;

private String id;

private String phoneNumeber;

PersonBuilder() {

}

public Person.PersonBuilder name(String name) {

this.name = name;

return this;

}

public Person.PersonBuilder id(String id) {

this.id = id;

return this;

}

public Person.PersonBuilder phoneNumeber(String phoneNumeber) {

this.phoneNumeber = phoneNumeber;

return this;

}

public Person build() {

return new Person(this.name, this.id, this.phoneNumeber);

}

public String toString() {

return "Person.PersonBuilder(name=" + this.name + ", id=" + this.id + ", phoneNumeber=" + this.phoneNumeber + ")";

}

}

}

@Builder的作用：

生成一个全属性的构造器

生成了一个返回静态内部类PersonBuilder对象的方法

生成了一个静态内部类PersonBuilder，这个静态内部类包含Person类的三个属性，无参构造器，三个方法名为属性名的方法，返回Person对象的build方法，输出静态内部类三个属性的toString()方法。

⑤ 建造者使用过程：

Person.PersonBuilder builder = Person.builder();

builder.phoneNumeber("11111")

.id("1123")

.name("asdd").build();

System.out.println(builder);

先实例化内部类对象并返回，然后为调用内部类的方法为内部类的属性赋值，build()方法就是将内部类PersonBuilder的属性值传入Person构造器中，实例化Person对象。

以上即为对于@Builder的简单使用。

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