Pandas小技巧
import pandas as pd
pandas生成数据
d = {"sex": ["male", "female", "male", "female"],
"color": ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow"],
"age": [12, 56, 21, 31]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
sex
color
age
0
male
red
12
1
female
green
56
2
male
blue
21
3
female
yellow
31
数据替换–map映射
map() 会根据提供的函数对指定序列做映射。
map(function, iterable, …)
function – 函数
iterable – 一个或多个序列
d = {"male": 1, "female": 0}
df["gender"] = df["sex"].map(d)
df
sex
color
age
gender
0
male
red
12
1
1
female
green
56
0
2
male
blue
21
1
3
female
yellow
31
0
数据清洗–replace和正则
分享pandas数据清洗技巧,在某列山使用replace和正则快速完成值的清洗
d = {"customer": ["A", "B", "C", "D"],
"sales": [1000, "950.5RMB", "$400", "$1250.75"]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
customer
sales
0
A
1000
1
B
950.5RMB
2
C
$400
3
D
$1250.75
sales列的数据类型不同意,为后续分析,所以需要将他的格式同统一
df["sales"] = df["sales"].replace("[$,RMB]", "", regex=True).astype("float")
df
customer
sales
0
A
1000.00
1
B
950.50
2
C
400.00
3
D
1250.75
查看数据类型
df["sales"].apply(type)
0
1
2
3
Name: sales, dtype: object
数据透视表分析–melt函数
melt是逆转操作函数,可以将列名转换为列数据(columns name → column values),重构DataFrame,用法如下:
参数说明:
pandas.melt(frame, id_vars=None, value_vars=None, var_name=None, value_name=‘value', col_level=None)
frame:要处理的数据集。
id_vars:不需要被转换的列名。
value_vars:需要转换的列名,如果剩下的列全部都要转换,就不用写了。
var_name和value_name是自定义设置对应的列名。
col_level :如果列是MultiIndex,则使用此级别。
二维表格转成一维表格
d = {"district_code": [12345, 56789, 101112, 131415],
"apple": [5.2, 2.4, 4.2, 3.6],
"banana": [3.5, 1.9, 4.0, 2.3],
"orange": [8.0, 7.5, 6.4, 3.9]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
district_code
apple
banana
orange
0
12345
5.2
3.5
8.0
1
56789
2.4
1.9
7.5
2
101112
4.2
4.0
6.4
3
131415
3.6
2.3
3.9
df = df.melt(id_vars="district_code",
var_name="fruit_name",
value_name="price")
df
district_code
fruit_name
price
0
12345
apple
5.2
1
56789
apple
2.4
2
101112
apple
4.2
3
131415
apple
3.6
4
12345
banana
3.5
5
56789
banana
1.9
6
101112
banana
4.0
7
131415
banana
2.3
8
12345
orange
8.0
9
56789
orange
7.5
10
101112
orange
6.4
11
131415
orange
3.9
将分类中出现次数较少的值归为others
d = {"name": ['Jone', 'Alica', 'Emily', 'Robert', 'Tomas',
'Zhang', 'Liu', 'Wang', 'Jack', 'Wsx', 'Guo'],
"categories": ["A", "C", "A", "D", "A",
"B", "B", "C", "A", "E", "F"]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d)
df
name
categories
0
Jone
A
1
Alica
C
2
Emily
A
3
Robert
D
4
Tomas
A
5
Zhang
B
6
Liu
B
7
Wang
C
8
Jack
A
9
Wsx
E
10
Guo
F
D、E、F 仅在分类中出现一次,A 出现次数较多。
统计出现次数,并标准化
frequencies = df["categories"].value_counts(normalize=True)
frequencies
A 0.363636
B 0.181818
C 0.181818
E 0.090909
D 0.090909
F 0.090909
Name: categories, dtype: float64
设定阈值
threshold = 0.1
small_categories = frequencies[frequencies < threshold].index
small_categories
Index(['E', 'D', 'F'], dtype='object')
替换
df["categories"] = df["categories"].replace(small_categories, "Others")
df
name
categories
0
Jone
A
1
Alica
C
2
Emily
A
3
Robert
Others
4
Tomas
A
5
Zhang
B
6
Liu
B
7
Wang
C
8
Jack
A
9
Wsx
Others
10
Guo
Others
Python小技巧
列表推导式
例如,假设我们想创建一个正方形列表,例如
squares = []
for x in range(10):
squares.append(x**2)
squares
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
squares = list(map(lambda x: x**2, range(10)))
squares
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
squares
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]
同时还可以利用if来过滤列表
[(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]
[(1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1), (3, 4)]
列表推导式可以包含复杂表达式和嵌套函数
from math import pi
[str(round(pi, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]
['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']
列表推导式中的初始表达式可以是任意表达式,包括另一个列表推导式。
下面的列表推导式将对行和列进行转置
matrix = [
[1, 2, 3, 4],
[5, 6, 7, 8],
[9, 10, 11, 12],
]
[[row[i] for row in matrix] for i in range(4)]
[[1, 5, 9], [2, 6, 10], [3, 7, 11], [4, 8, 12]]
交换变量
a = 1
b = 2
a, b = b, a
print("a = ",a)
print("b = ",b)
a = 2
b = 1
检查对象使用内存情况
sys.getsizeof()
range()函数返回的是一个类,在使用内存方面,range远比实际的数字列表更加高效
import sys
mylist = range(1,10000)
print(sys.getsizeof(mylist))
48
合并字典
从Python3.5开始,合并字典的操作更加简单
如果key重复,那么第一个字典的key会被覆盖
d1 ={"a":1,"b":2}
d2 = {"b":2,"c":4}
m = {**d1,**d2}
print(m)
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 4}
字符串分割成列表
string = "the author is beishanla"
s = string.split(" ")
s
['the', 'author', 'is', 'beishanla']
字符串列表创建字符串
l = ["the","author","is","beishanla"]
l = " ".join(l)
l
'the author is beishanla'
Python查看图片
pip install Pillow
from PIL import Image
im = Image.open("E:/Python/00网络爬虫/Project/词云图跳舞视频/aip-python-sdk-4.15.1/pictures/img_88.jpg")
im.show()
print(im.format,im.size,im.mode)
JPEG (1920, 1080) RGB
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