How can I call Java functions from a C++ application?
I know about calling them from CMD (or similar techniques), but I would rather not use them.
解决方案
As an example, check Creating a JVM from C. It shows a sample procedure to create a JVM and invoke a method. If the JVM already exists; e.g. your C program is invoked by the Java program (callback situation), you can cache the JNIEnv* pointer.
As an advice, be careful caching pointers to the JVM from C/C++, there are some semantics involved as to what you can cache and it could be invoked later on. For that, as Brian Agnew pointed out, check the JNI reference.