java 二分查找 简书_二分查找实现

二分查找实现

def bsearch(self, nums, target):

low, high = 0, len(nums)

while low <= high:

middle = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[middle] == target:

return True

elif nums[middle] > target:

high = middle - 1

else:

low = middle + 1

return False

递归实现

def binaySearch(self, nums, target):

return self.bsearchInternally(nums, 0, len(nums) - 1, target)

def bsearchInternally(self, nums,low, high, target):

if low > high: return False

mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[mid] == target:

return True

elif nums[mid] > target:

high = mid - 1

else:

low += 1

return self.bsearchInternally(nums, low, high, target)

1. 循环退出条件

low <= high

2. mid的取值

mid = (low + high) // 2, 当low 和 high比较大时候, 两者之和可能会溢出, 改进写法 mid = low + (high - low) // 2, 优化写法mid = low + ((high - mid)>>1)

3.low 和 high 更新

low = mid + 1, high = mid - 1

二分查找应用场景

1. 二分查找依赖顺序表结构, 数组

2. 针对有序数据

3. 数据太小不适合二分查找

4. 数据太大也不适合

二分查找变形

查找第一个值等于给定值的元素

def bsearch(self, nums, target):

low, high = 0, len(nums) - 1

while low <= high:

mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[mid] > target: high = mid - 1

elif nums[mid] < target: low = mid + 1

else:

if mid == 0 or nums[mid - 1] != target: return mid

high = mid - 1

return -1

查找最后一个值等于给顶元素

def bsearchLast(self, nums, target):

low, high = 0, len(nums) - 1

while low <= high:

mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[mid] > target:

high = mid - 1

elif nums[mid] < target:

low = mid + 1

else:

if mid == len(nums) - 1 or nums[mid + 1] != target: return mid

low = mid + 1

return -1

查找第一个大于等于给定值的元素

def bsearchFirst(self, nums, target):

low, high = 0, len(nums) - 1

while low <= high:

mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[mid] >= target:

if mid == 0 or nums[mid - 1] < target: return mid

else:

high = mid - 1

else:

low = mid + 1

return -1

查找最后一个小于等于给定值的元素

def bsearchLastSmallOrEqual(self, nums, target):

low, high = 0, len(nums) - 1

while low <= high:

mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1)

if nums[mid] > target:

high = mid - 1

else:

if mid == len(nums) - 1 or nums[mid + 1] > target: return mid

low = mid - 1

return -1