linux环境安装mariadb,linux环境下安装Mariadb

一、下载安装

mariadb是属于mysql的一个分支，是其创始人在mysql被卖给oracle之后重新分出来的，maria取自于他女儿的名字。mariadb完全兼容于mysql，在很多新版本的linux系统中，mysql都已经被替换成了mariadb。

mariadb的官网：mariadb官网，下载地址：下载地址。最新稳定版本的下载直链为：

wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.0/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz

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wgethttps://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.0/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz

首先把安装包下载到本地，然后解压到/usr/local目录：

tar -zxvf mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

ln -s /usr/local/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

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tar-zxvfmariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz-C/usr/local/

ln-s/usr/local/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64//usr/local/mysql

初始化数据库，设定数据存储目录为/appdata/mysql，启动用户为mysql：

# 创建mysql用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

# 创建数据库文件夹

mkdir /appdata/mysql -p

# 初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \

--datadir=/appdata/mysql \

--user=mysql

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# 创建mysql用户

useradd-s/sbin/nologin-Mmysql

# 创建数据库文件夹

mkdir/appdata/mysql-p

# 初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db\

--basedir=/usr/local/mysql\

--datadir=/appdata/mysql\

--user=mysql

初始化数据库的过程中如果报错：

> Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/xxx/mariadb' ...

/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in

/udata/mariadb for more information.

...

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>InstallingMariaDB/MySQLsystemtablesin'/xxx/mariadb'...

/usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld:errorwhileloadingsharedlibraries:libaio.so.1:cannotopensharedobjectfile:Nosuchfileordirectory

Installationofsystemtablesfailed!Examinethelogsin

/udata/mariadbformoreinformation.

...

说明系统缺少组件库libaio，需要安装手动安装：

# centos

yum install libaio libaio-devel

# ubuntu

apt install libaio1

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# centos

yuminstalllibaiolibaio-devel

# ubuntu

aptinstalllibaio1

执行成功后输出：

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/appdata/mysql' ...

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

...

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InstallingMariaDB/MySQLsystemtablesin'/appdata/mysql'...

OK

Tostartmysqldatboottimeyouhavetocopy

support-files/mysql.servertotherightplaceforyoursystem

...

到这里数据库就已经安装完成了，接下来要做的就是配置。

二、配置

修改my.cnf，设置pid/socket/log等文件的路径，把它们统一存到/appdata/mysql/run/下：

[mysqld]

datadir=/appdata/mysql

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.log

pid-file=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid

[mysql]

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqladmin]

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

#

# include all files from the config directory

#

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

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[mysqld]

datadir=/appdata/mysql

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.log

pid-file=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid

[mysql]

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

[mysqladmin]

socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock

#

# include all files from the config directory

#

!includedir/etc/my.cnf.d

注意：

/appdata/mysql/run目录要提前创建

如果修改了socket的路径，还要修改[mysql]和[mysqladmin]段的socket路径，要和[mysqld]中的socket路径一致

设置路径权限：

chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql /appdata/mysql

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chownmysql.mysql-R/usr/local/mysql/appdata/mysql

添加mysql命令到系统路径，修改/etc/profile文件：

MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

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MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql

exportPATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin

修改后source /etc/profile生效。

三、添加系统服务

3.1 service系统服务

对于使用service命令启动的服务，复制mysql主目录下的support/mysql.server文件到/etc/init.d/：

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

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cp/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod+x/etc/init.d/mysqld

然后修改文件中的配置：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql # 安装目录

datadir=/appdata/mysql # 数据目录

mysqld_pid_file_path=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid # pid文件目录

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basedir=/usr/local/mysql# 安装目录

datadir=/appdata/mysql# 数据目录

mysqld_pid_file_path=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid# pid文件目录

注意：配置要和上面my.cnf中的配置一一对应

启动：service mysqld start。

添加到开机启动：

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

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chkconfig--addmysqld

chkconfigmysqldon

3.2 systemd系统服务

systemd服务的文件在安装路径/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service：

cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

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cpsupport-files/systemd/mariadb.service/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

复制完后执行systemctl start mysqld启动服务，然后设置开机启动：

systemctl enable mysqld

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systemctlenablemysqld

四、设置root用户密码

系统服务起来后，可以使用mysqladmin初始化root用户的密码：

mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

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mysqladmin-urootpassword'123456'

如果出现：

说明没有没有权限登录，需要通过安全模式启动mysql来修改root密码，在my.cnf中添加以下内容：

[mysqld]

skip-grant-tables

skip-networking

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[mysqld]

skip-grant-tables

skip-networking

然后重启服务，使用root身份登录(不用密码)，再执行命令修改密码：

use mysql;

# 刷新权限

flush privileges;

# 设置密码

set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456');

# 刷新权限

flush privileges;

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usemysql;

# 刷新权限

flushprivileges;

# 设置密码

set password for'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');

# 刷新权限

flushprivileges;

如果执行命令的时候出现报错：

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MariaDB server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

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ERROR1290(HY000):TheMariaDBserverisrunningwiththe--skip-grant-tablesoptionsoitcannotexecutethisstatement

说明安全模式下的权限还没有更新，要先刷新一下权限才行：

flush privileges;

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flushprivileges;

修改完成后去掉my.cnf中添加的参数，重启服务，使用上面设置的密码登陆就可以了：

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 11

Server version: 10.4.8-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

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WelcometotheMariaDBmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.

YourMariaDBconnectionidis11

Serverversion:10.4.8-MariaDBMariaDBServer

Copyright(c)2000,2018,Oracle,MariaDBCorporationAbandothers.

Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.

MariaDB[(none)]>