python字典格式_Python：一道转换字典格式的题目

下面是一道面试题，要求是将原格式的字典按要求转为目标格式的字典，比如原来的键值对'A.B.C': 1，转换为'A': {'B': {'C' :1}}，遇到这种一层一层的问题，首先想到的是用递归，所以尝试着用递归实现了这个要求，用了两个函数交替递归。

题目：

Given a “flatten” dictionary object, whose keys are dot-separated.

For example,

{ ‘A’: 1, ‘B.A’: 2, ‘B.B’: 3, ‘C.D.E’: 4, ‘C.D.F’: 5}.

Implement a function in any language to transform it to a “nested” dictionary object. In the above case, the nested version is like:

{'A': 1, 'B': {'A': 2, 'B': 3}, 'C': {'D': {'E': 4, 'F': 5}}}

It’s guaranteed that no keys in dictionary are prefixes of other keys.

代码：

def transform(_dict):

# 将原字典转目标字典

d = {}

for key, value in _dict.items():

_append(d, (key, value))

return d

def _append(dict1, item):

# 向一个已经转换好格式的字典中添加一个键值对，保持格式

key, value = item

k = key.split('.', maxsplit=1) # k: sub_keys

if len(k) > 1:

if k[0] in dict1:

_append(dict1[k[0]], (k[1], value))

else:

dict1[k[0]] = transform({k[1]: value})

else:

# 递归终点

dict1[key] = value

d1 = {"A": 1, "B.A": 2, "B.B": 3, "C.D.E": 4, "C.D.F": 5}

d2 = {"A": 1, "B.A": 2, "B.B": 3, "C.D.E": 4, "C.D.F": 5, 'C.G.H': 6, 'C.G.I': 6, 'C.K': 6}

print(transform(d1))

print(transform(d2))

# ========================================================================================

"""执行结果：{'A': 1, 'B': {'A': 2, 'B': 3}, 'C': {'D': {'E': 4, 'F': 5}}}{'A': 1, 'B': {'A': 2, 'B': 3}, 'C': {'D': {'E': 4, 'F': 5}, 'G': {'H': 6, 'I': 6}, 'K': 6}}"""

使用一个递归完成，经过测试，速度比上面的稍慢一点：

def transform(_dict):

# 将原字典转目标字典

d = {}

for key, value in _dict.items():

k = key.split('.', maxsplit=1) # k: sub_keys

if len(k) > 1:

if k[0] in d:

d[k[0]][k[1]] = value

d[k[0]] = transform(d[k[0]])

else:

d[k[0]] = transform({k[1]: value})

else:

d[key] = value # 递归终点

return d

d1 = {"A": 1, "B.A": 2, "B.B": 3, "C.D.E": 4, "C.D.F": 5}

d2 = {"A": 1, "B.A": 2, "B.B": 3, "C.D.E": 4, "C.D.F": 5, 'C.G.H': 6, 'C.G.I': 6, 'C.K': 6}

print(transform(d1))

print(transform(d2))

# =========================================================================================

"""执行结果：{'A': 1, 'B': {'A': 2, 'B': 3}, 'C': {'D': {'E': 4, 'F': 5}}}{'A': 1, 'B': {'A': 2, 'B': 3}, 'C': {'D': {'E': 4, 'F': 5}, 'G': {'H': 6, 'I': 6}, 'K': 6}}"""