mysql8 官方安装文档_CentOS下MySQL8.0的超详细的安装及配置文档

操作系统环境：centos linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

基础环境配置

关闭SeLinux及防火墙

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config

setenforce 0

​

systemctl stop firewalld   //停止系统默认的防火墙

systemctl mask firewalld   //屏蔽服务(让它不能启动)

yum remove -y firewalld     //卸载系统自带的防火墙

安装运维基础工具

yum install -y chkconfig net-tools ntsysv mlocate lrzsz wget lsof setuptool

安装yum源

yum install -y epel-release

wget https://dev.MySQL.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm

yum localinstall -y mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm

MySQL8.0安装

yum install -y bison-devel libaio-devel perl-Data-Dumper

yum install -y mysql-server

systemctl start mysqld     //启动MySQL

systemctl enable mysqld.service //开机自启动

由于mysql的yum源是在国外，所以，在国内安装很慢，因此，森哥的做法，是直接下载rpm包回来手工安装 。如下操作：

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

yum localinstall -y mysql-community-*     //使用localinstall会自己补足未安装的所需要组件

systemctl start mysqld     //启动MySQL

systemctl enable mysqld.service //开机自启动

修改初始密码

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log     //mysql5.7版本后，初始密码不再为空，默认随机生成，可通过该命令查询

mysql -u root -p   //进入mysql，输入刚刚查到的密码

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '三种或以上的八位字符';       //修改密码，并将密码插件更改为mysql_native_password

初始my.cnf配置的内容为：

cat /etc/my.cnf

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

​

[mysqld]

#

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

#

# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging

# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by

# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog

# disable_log_bin

#

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

#

# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,

# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:

# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin

# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

​

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

​

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

原则上，上面的这个配置，就可以正常使用了。但有时候为了一些业务场合的应用，就需要考虑对其进行修改，以达到符合实现业务的需求。

mkdir /var/log/mysqld

touch /var/log/mysqld/error.log

chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysqld -R

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]

#

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

#

# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging

# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by

# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog

# disable_log_bin

#

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

#

# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,

# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:

# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin

# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password

# server-id = 1 //单MySQL服务下，可以省略不用

datadir=/var/lib/mysql //数据文件所在位置

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock //sock文件所在位置

log_error = /var/log/mysqld/error.log //数据库错误日志文件

# skip_name_resolve = 1 //设置这个，说明只能通过IP连接，不用主机名，一般不建议使用

character-set-server=utf8mb4 //数据库默认字符集，可以支持表情符号等，utf8不支持表情符号。另外utf8mb4是mysql8.0起支持的。

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci //数据库字符集对应一些排序等规则，必须和character-set-server对应

transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED //事务隔离级别，默认为可重复读

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' //设置client连接mysql时的字符集,防止乱码

max_connections=500 //最大连接数

max_connect_errors = 1000 //最大错误连接数

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true //TIMESTAMP如果没有显示声明NOT NULL，允许NULL值

max_allowed_packet = 1024M //SQL数据包发送的大小，如果有BLOB对象建议修改成1G

# interactive_timeout = 1800 //MySQL默认的wait_timeout 值为8个小时, interactive_timeout参数需要同时配置才能生效

# wait_timeout = 1800

tmp_table_size = 134217728 //内部内存临时表的最大值，超过了这个值将写入磁盘，系统IO压力增大

max_heap_table_size = 134217728

# query_cache_size = 0 //禁用mysql的缓存查询结果集功能，可根据业务需求是否开启，通常为关闭

# query_cache_type = 0

# slow_query_log = 1 //慢查询sql日志设置

# slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysqld/slow.log

# long_query_time = 8 //慢查询执行的秒数，必须达到此值可被记录

# log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1 //检查未使用到索引的sql

# log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 5 //开启后，记录慢sql的频次、每分钟记录的条数

# min_examined_row_limit = 100 // 检索的行数必须达到此值才可被记为慢查询

# skip-log-bin //关闭binlog功能

binlog_expire_logs_seconds=604800 //binlog日志文件保存的过期时间，过期后自动删除

innodb_log_file_size=60M

innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M

[client]

default-character-set=utf8mb8

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]

open-files-limit = 8192

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

密码恢复

有时候，会将root密码给忘记了，就需要对MySQL进行密码恢复。

在/etc/my.cnf中，的[mysqld]内，加入如下内容：

skip-grant-table //改为安全模式，无法密码登陆

重启mysqld

systemctl restart mysqld

进入重置密码

mysql -u root -p //空密码，直接回车

use mysql;

update user set authentication_string='' where user='root'; //先清空密码

注释掉my.cnf中的skip-grant-table，再重启mysqld。然后就可以免密码进入，再修改密码。

mysql -u root -p //不用输入密码，直接进入

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '三种或以上的八位字符'; //修改密码，并将密码插件更改为mysql_native_password

现在就恢复正常使用了。