前段时间将系统的RSA算法全部升级为SM2国密算法,密码机和UKey硬件设备大都同时支持RSA和SM2算法,只是应用系统的加解密签名验证需要修改,这个更改底层调用的加密动态库来,原来RSA用的对称加密算法DES(AES)和摘要MD5(SHA1)也相应改变,分别对应SM1、SM3算法,SM1算法基于硬件实现,SM2、SM3算法已公开。
SM2签名验证算法
SM2签名同样也是需要先摘要原文数据,即先使用SM3密码杂凑算法计算出32byte摘要。SM3需要摘要签名方ID(默认1234567812345678)、曲线参数a,b,Gx,Gy、共钥坐标(x,y)计算出Z值,然后再杂凑原文得出摘要数据。这个地方要注意曲线参数和坐标点都是32byte,在转换为BigInteger大数计算转成字节流时要去掉空补位,否则可能会出现摘要计算不正确的问题。SM2签名实现如下:
SM2签名
publicstaticBigInteger[] Sm2Sign(byte[] md, AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keypair)
...{
SM3Digest sm3=newSM3Digest();
ECPublicKeyParameters ecpub=(ECPublicKeyParameters)keypair.Public;
byte[] z=SM2CryptoServiceProvider.Sm2GetZ(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(SM2CryptoServiceProvider.userId), ecpub.Q);
sm3.BlockUpdate(z,0, z.Length);
byte[] p=md;
sm3.BlockUpdate(p,0, p.Length);
byte[] hashData=newbyte[32];
sm3.DoFinal(hashData,0);
//eBigInteger e=newBigInteger(1, hashData);
//kBigInteger k=null;
ECPoint kp=null;
BigInteger r=null;
BigInteger s=null;
BigInteger userD=null;
do
...{
do
...{
ECPrivateKeyParameters ecpriv=(ECPrivateKeyParameters)keypair.Private;
k=ecpriv.D;
kp=ecpub.Q;
userD=ecpriv.D;
//rr=e.Add(kp.X.ToBigInteger());
r=r.Mod(ecc_n);
}while(r.Equals(BigInteger.Zero)||r.Add(k).Equals(ecc_n));
//(1 + dA)~-1BigInteger da_1=userD.Add(BigInteger.One);
da_1=da_1.ModInverse(ecc_n);
//ss=r.Multiply(userD);
s=k.Subtract(s).Mod(ecc_n);
s=da_1.Multiply(s).Mod(ecc_n);
}while(s.Equals(BigInteger.Zero));
byte[] btRS=newbyte[64];
byte[] btR=r.ToByteArray();
byte[] btS=s.ToByteArray();
Array.Copy(btR, btR.Length-32, btRS,0,32);
Array.Copy(btS, btS.Length-32, btRS,32,32);
returnnewBigInteger[]...{ r, s };
}
SM2算法是基于ECC算法的,签名同样返回2个大数,共64byte。由于原来RSA算法已很普遍支持,要实现RSA的签名验签都有标准库的实现,而SM2是国密算法在国际上还没有标准通用,算法Oid标识在X509标准中是没定义的。在.Net或Java中可以基于使用BouncyCastle加密库实现,开源的也比较好学习扩展。SM2算法验签可以使用软验签,即可以不需要使用硬件设备,同样使用原始数据、签名、证书(公钥)来实现对签名方验证,保证数据完整性未被篡改。验证过程同样需先摘要原文数据,公钥在证书中是以一个66byte的BitString,去掉前面标记位即64byte为共钥坐标(x,y),中间分割截取再以Hex方式转成BigInteger大数计算,验签代码如下:
SM2验签
publicstaticboolVerify(byte[] msg,byte[] signData,byte[] certData)
...{
X509Certificate2 x5092=newX509Certificate2(certData);
byte[] certPK=x5092.GetPublicKey();
certPK=SubByte(certPK,1,64);
byte[] certPKX=SubByte(certPK, certPK.Length-32-32,32);
byte[] certPKY=SubByte(certPK, certPK.Length-32,32);
System.String strcertPKX=ByteToHexStr(certPKX);
System.String strcertPKY=ByteToHexStr(certPKY);
BigInteger biX=newBigInteger(strcertPKX,16);
BigInteger biY=newBigInteger(strcertPKY,16);
ECFieldElement x=newFpFieldElement(ecc_p, biX);
ECFieldElement y=newFpFieldElement(ecc_p, biY);
ECPoint userKey=newFpPoint(ecc_curve, x, y);
SM3Digest sm3=newSM3Digest();
byte[] z=Sm2GetZ(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userId), userKey);
sm3.BlockUpdate(z,0, z.Length);
byte[] p=msg;
sm3.BlockUpdate(p,0, p.Length);
byte[] md=newbyte[32];
sm3.DoFinal(md,0);
byte[] btR=SubByte(signData,0,32);
byte[] btS=SubByte(signData,32,32);
System.String strR=ByteToHexStr(btR);
System.String strS=ByteToHexStr(btS);
BigInteger r=newBigInteger(strR,16);
BigInteger s=newBigInteger(strS,16);
//e_BigInteger e=newBigInteger(1, md);
//tBigInteger t=r.Add(s).Mod(ecc_n);
if(t.Equals(BigInteger.Zero))
returnfalse;
//x1y1ECPoint x1y1=ecc_point_g.Multiply(s);
x1y1=x1y1.Add(userKey.Multiply(t));
//RBigInteger R=e.Add(x1y1.X.ToBigInteger()).Mod(ecc_n);
returnr.Equals(R);
}
制作SM2证书
基于BouncyCastle开源库,可以轻松制作X509证书、CRL、pkcs10、pkcs12,支持国际通用的RSA、ECC算法。制作SM2证书可以通过扩展BouncyCastle库来实现,需加入SM2签名算法DerObjectIdentifier标识1.2.156.10197.1.501(基于SM3的SM2算法签名),密钥对的生成使用国密推荐曲线参数,然后如上所示自行实现SM2签名验证算法。X509证书由证书主体、证书签名算法标识、签名组成,和RSA证书主要不同的是SM2证书的签名算法标识和签名,及证书公钥使用ECKeyParameters。生成自签名SM2证书代码如下:
SM2证书生成
publicstaticOrg.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate MakeRootCert(stringfilePath, IDictionary subjectNames)
...{
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keypair=SM2CryptoServiceProvider.SM2KeyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
ECPublicKeyParameters pubKey=(ECPublicKeyParameters)keypair.Public;//CA公钥ECPrivateKeyParameters priKey=(ECPrivateKeyParameters)keypair.Private;//CA私钥
X509Name issuerDN=newX509Name(GetDictionaryKeys(subjectNames), subjectNames);
X509Name subjectDN=issuerDN;//自签证书,两者一样 SM2X509V3CertificateGenerator sm2CertGen=newSM2X509V3CertificateGenerator();
//X509V3CertificateGenerator sm2CertGen = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();sm2CertGen.SetSerialNumber(newBigInteger(128,newRandom()));//128位sm2CertGen.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
sm2CertGen.SetNotBefore(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
sm2CertGen.SetNotAfter(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(365*10));
sm2CertGen.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);
sm2CertGen.SetPublicKey(pubKey);//公钥
sm2CertGen.SetSignatureAlgorithm("SM3WITHSM2");
sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.BasicConstraints,true,newBasicConstraints(true));
sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.SubjectKeyIdentifier,false,newSubjectKeyIdentifierStructure(pubKey));
sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.AuthorityKeyIdentifier,false,newAuthorityKeyIdentifierStructure(pubKey));
sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.KeyUsage,true,newKeyUsage(6));
Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate sm2Cert=sm2CertGen.Generate(keypair);
sm2Cert.CheckValidity();
sm2Cert.Verify(pubKey);
returnsm2Cert;
}
X509证书使用ASN1语法进行编码,是用类型标识、长度和值序列来描述数据结构的。SM2证书在制作设置公钥时,默认会带ECKeyParameters参数,并没有SM2的公钥参数1.2.156.10197.1.301,因此需要自己写个SM2椭圆曲线密码算法标识对象,这样在生成的证书中就可以看到公钥参数字段,如下所示:
SM2证书公钥标识
usingSystem;
usingOrg.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
usingOrg.BouncyCastle.Asn1;
namespaceCommon.Security
...{
publicclassSM2AlgorithmIdentifier
: AlgorithmIdentifier
...{
privatereadonlyboolparametersDefined;
publicSM2AlgorithmIdentifier(
DerObjectIdentifier objectID):base(objectID)
...{
}
publicSM2AlgorithmIdentifier(
DerObjectIdentifier objectID,
Asn1Encodable parameters)
:base(objectID, parameters)
...{
this.parametersDefined=true;
}
/**//**
* Produce an object suitable for an Asn1OutputStream.
* * AlgorithmIdentifier ::= Sequence {
* algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
* parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL }
*
*/publicoverrideAsn1Object ToAsn1Object()
...{
DerObjectIdentifier sm2Identifier=newDerObjectIdentifier("1.2.156.10197.1.301");
Asn1EncodableVector v=newAsn1EncodableVector(base.ObjectID, sm2Identifier);
returnnewDerSequence(v);
}
}}
SM2算法是国密局公布的公钥密码算法,在相当强度下密钥比RSA短,在使用智能卡有限空间存储时非常可贵。目前国内很多CA大都升级支持SM2算法证书,相信以后会慢慢地推广更多应用,也期望之后能与国际标准接轨。
附:
国密推荐256位曲线参数
p=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 00000000 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
a=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 00000000 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFC
b=28E9FA9E 9D9F5E34 4D5A9E4B CF6509A7 F39789F5 15AB8F92 DDBCBD41 4D940E93
n=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 7203DF6B 21C6052B 53BBF409 39D54123
Gx=32C4AE2C 1F198119 5F990446 6A39C994 8FE30BBF F2660BE1 715A4589 334C74C7
Gy=BC3736A2 F4F6779C 59BDCEE3 6B692153 D0A9877C C62A4740 02DF32E5 2139F0A0