1、分类
强引用、软引用、弱引用、虚引用、终结器引用
强引用:只要能够通过GC Root的引用链找到就不会被垃圾回收,也就是说只有所有的GC Roots对象都不通过强引用引用该对象的时候,该对象才能被垃圾回收
弱引用:如果某个对象与弱引用关联,那么当JVM在进行垃圾回收时,无论内存是否充足,都会回收此类对象。
软引用:java中使用SoftRefence来表示软引用,如果某个对象与软引用关联,那么JVM只会在内存不足的情况下回收该对象
虚引用:创建的时候会关联一个引用队列
例如:创建ByteBuffer的时候会创建一个名为Cleaner的虚引用对象,当ByteBuffer没有被强引用所引用就会被jvm垃圾回收,虚引用Cleaner就会进入引用队列,会有专门的线程扫描引用队列,被发现后会调用直接内存地址的方法将直接内存释放掉,保证直接内存不会导致内存泄漏
是所有引用类型中最弱的,一个对象是否有虚引用的存在,完全不会对其生命周期构成影响,也无法通过虚引用获得一个对象实例。
终结器引用:创建的时候会关联一个引用队列,当A4对象没有被强引用所引用时,A4被垃圾回收的时候,会将终结器引用放入到一个引用队列(被引用对象暂时还没有被垃圾回收),有专门的线程(优先级较低,可能会造成对象迟迟不被回收)扫描引用队列并调用finallize()方法,第二次GC的时候才能回收掉被引用对象
2、强引用
(1)强引用的使用:
设置jvm的内存为20M
public classTest2 {public static final int _4MB=4*1024*1024;public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException {
List list =new ArrayList<>();for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
list.add(new byte[_4MB]);
}
System.in.read();
}
}
运行上面的程序会出现内存溢出问题,也就是说有的内存即使不太重要依旧会被占用:
Exception in thread "main"java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at pers.zhb.test.Test2.main(Test2.java:12)
3、软引用
(1)软引用的场景:
输入jvm指令:
public classTest2 {private static final int _4MB=4*1024*1024;public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException {
soft();
}public static voidsoft(){
List> list=new ArrayList<>();for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
SoftReference reference=new SoftReference<>(new byte[_4MB]);
System.out.println(reference.get());
list.add(reference);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
System.out.println("循环结束:"+list.size());for(SoftReferencereference:list){
System.out.println(reference.get());
}
}
}
运行结果:
[B@1b6d35861[B@4554617c2[B@74a144823[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 1744K->488K(6144K)] 14032K->12932K(19968K), 0.0427814 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.05secs]
[B@1540e19d
4[GC (Allocation Failure)--[PSYoungGen: 4696K->4696K(6144K)] 17140K->17140K(19968K), 0.0030222 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 4696K->4574K(6144K)] [ParOldGen: 12444K->12414K(13824K)] 17140K->16988K(19968K), [Metaspace: 3118K->3118K(1056768K)], 0.0095409 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure)--[PSYoungGen: 4574K->4574K(6144K)] 16988K->16996K(19968K), 0.0010492 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00secs]
[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4574K->0K(6144K)] [ParOldGen: 12422K->587K(8704K)] 16996K->587K(14848K), [Metaspace: 3118K->3118K(1056768K)], 0.0076471 secs] [Times: user=0.03 sys=0.00, real=0.01secs]
[B@677327b65循环结束:5
null
null
null
null[B@677327b6
Heap
PSYoungGen total 6144K, used 4546K [0x00000000ff980000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 5632K,80% used [0x00000000ff980000,0x00000000ffdf0940,0x00000000fff00000)
from space 512K,0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff80000)
to space 512K,0% used [0x00000000fff80000,0x00000000fff80000,0x0000000100000000)
ParOldGen total 8704K, used 587K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff480000, 0x00000000ff980000)
object space 8704K,6% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec92d20,0x00000000ff480000)
Metaspace used 3224K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768Kclass space used 349K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
可以看出,在第四次和第五次的时候就触发了垃圾回收,在对集合进行遍历后只有第五个软引用对象存在,也就是说在内存不足的时候将前面的虚引用的对象进行了垃圾回收
(2)软引用与引用队列:
public classTest2 {private static final int _4MB=4*1024*1024;public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException {
List> list=new ArrayList<>();//引用队列
ReferenceQueue queue=new ReferenceQueue<>();for(int i=0;i<5;i++){//关联了引用队列,当软引用所关联的byte数组被回收时,软引用自己会加入到引用队列中
SoftReference reference=new SoftReference<>(new byte[_4MB],queue);
System.out.println(reference.get());
list.add(reference);
System.out.println(list.size());
}//从队列获取无用的软引用对象并移除
Reference extends byte[]> poll=queue.poll();while(poll!=null){
list.remove(poll);
poll=queue.poll();
}
System.out.println("循环结束");for(SoftReferencereference:list){
System.out.println(reference.get());
}
}
}
测试:
[B@1b6d3586
1
[B@4554617c
2
[B@74a14482
3
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 1866K->488K(6144K)] 14154K->12964K(19968K), 0.0010895 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1540e19d
4
[GC (Allocation Failure) --[PSYoungGen: 4696K->4696K(6144K)] 17172K->17180K(19968K), 0.0011250 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 4696K->4564K(6144K)] [ParOldGen: 12484K->12458K(13824K)] 17180K->17022K(19968K), [Metaspace: 3228K->3228K(1056768K)], 0.0055610 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]
[GC (Allocation Failure) --[PSYoungGen: 4564K->4564K(6144K)] 17022K->17030K(19968K), 0.0009186 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4564K->0K(6144K)] [ParOldGen: 12466K->620K(8704K)] 17030K->620K(14848K), [Metaspace: 3228K->3228K(1056768K)], 0.0065061 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.01, real=0.01 secs]
[B@677327b6
5
循环结束
[B@677327b6
Heap
PSYoungGen total 6144K, used 4546K [0x00000000ff980000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 5632K, 80% used [0x00000000ff980000,0x00000000ffdf0918,0x00000000fff00000)
from space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff80000)
to space 512K, 0% used [0x00000000fff80000,0x00000000fff80000,0x0000000100000000)
ParOldGen total 8704K, used 620K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff480000, 0x00000000ff980000)
object space 8704K, 7% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec9b160,0x00000000ff480000)
Metaspace used 3237K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 351K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
Process finished with exit code 0
4、弱引用
(1)弱引用举例
public classTest2 {private static final int _4MB = 4 * 1024 * 1024;public static void main(String[] args) throwsIOException {
List> list = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
WeakReference reference = new WeakReference<>(new byte[_4MB]);
list.add(reference);for (WeakReferencew : list) {
System.out.println(w.get());
}
System.out.println();
}
System.out.println("循环结束:" +list.size());
}
}
(2)测试:
[B@1b6d3586
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 1865K->488K(6144K)] 14153K->12992K(19968K), 0.0014680 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
[B@1540e19d
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4809K->496K(6144K)] 17313K->13044K(19968K), 0.0013554 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
null
[B@677327b6
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4702K->472K(6144K)] 17250K->13020K(19968K), 0.0017348 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
null
null
[B@14ae5a5
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4678K->488K(6144K)] 17226K->13036K(19968K), 0.0016909 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
null
null
null
[B@7f31245a
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4694K->488K(6144K)] 17242K->13044K(19968K), 0.0008993 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
null
null
null
null
[B@6d6f6e28
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4694K->472K(5120K)] 17250K->13028K(18944K), 0.0011246 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[B@1b6d3586
[B@4554617c
[B@74a14482
null
null
null
null
null
[B@135fbaa4
[GC (Allocation Failure) [PSYoungGen: 4657K->32K(5632K)] 17214K->13012K(19456K), 0.0012595 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs]
[Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 32K->0K(5632K)] [ParOldGen: 12980K->638K(7680K)] 13012K->638K(13312K), [Metaspace: 3232K->3232K(1056768K)], 0.0084781 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs]
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
[B@45ee12a7
循环结束:10
Heap
PSYoungGen total 5632K, used 4371K [0x00000000ff980000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)
eden space 4608K, 94% used [0x00000000ff980000,0x00000000ffdc4e70,0x00000000ffe00000)
from space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000ffe00000,0x00000000fff00000)
to space 1024K, 0% used [0x00000000fff00000,0x00000000fff00000,0x0000000100000000)
ParOldGen total 7680K, used 638K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff380000, 0x00000000ff980000)
object space 7680K, 8% used [0x00000000fec00000,0x00000000fec9fa38,0x00000000ff380000)
Metaspace used 3239K, capacity 4500K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K
class space used 351K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K
Process finished with exit code 0