oracle12899错误,Oralce导入数据时提示ORA-12899错误value too large for column

从生产导出数据到测试,出现如下错误

ORA-02374: conversion error loading table "SWTONLINE"."TBL_TRANS_LOG_HISTORY_B"

ORA-12899: value too large for column MER_ADDR_NAME (actual: 54, maximum: 40)

初步估计为字符集差异导致.中文在UTF-8里占3个字节，ZHS16GBK里占2个字节

查看测试库字符集

代码如下

sys@PROD>select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS

2  ;

PARAMETER                                                        VALUE

---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

NLS_LANGUAGE                                                     SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_TERRITORY                                                    CHINA

NLS_CURRENCY                                                     ￥

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY                                                 CHINA

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS                                           .,

NLS_CALENDAR                                                     GREGORIAN

NLS_DATE_FORMAT                                                  DD-MON-RR

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE                                                SIMPLIFIED CHINESE

NLS_CHARACTERSET                                                 AL32UTF8

NLS_SORT                                                         BINARY

NLS_TIME_FORMAT                                                  HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT                                             DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT                                               HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT                                          DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY                                                ￥

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET                                           AL16UTF16

NLS_COMP                                                         BINARY

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS                                             BYTE

NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP                                              FALSE

19 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

查看生产库字符集

代码如下

sys@ORADB>select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS;

PARAMETER                                                        VALUE

---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------

NLS_LANGUAGE                                                     AMERICAN

NLS_TERRITORY                                                    AMERICA

NLS_CURRENCY                                                     $

NLS_ISO_CURRENCY                                                 AMERICA

NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS                                           .,

NLS_CALENDAR                                                     GREGORIAN

NLS_DATE_FORMAT                                                  DD-MON-RR

NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE                                                AMERICAN

NLS_CHARACTERSET                                                 ZHS16GBK

NLS_SORT                                                         BINARY

NLS_TIME_FORMAT                                                  HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT                                             DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM

NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT                                               HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT                                          DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZR

NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY                                                $

NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET                                           AL16UTF16

NLS_COMP                                                         BINARY

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS                                             BYTE

NLS_NCHAR_CONV_EXCP                                              FALSE

19 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

更改测试库的字符集和生产库一样

代码如下

sys@PROD>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

sys@PROD>STARTUP MOUNT

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  939495424 bytes

Fixed Size                  2233960 bytes

Variable Size             671091096 bytes

Database Buffers          260046848 bytes

Redo Buffers                6123520 bytes

Database mounted.

sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:02.19

sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

sys@PROD>ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.01

sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:05.09

sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK ;

ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00911: 无效字符

Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

---报字符集不兼容，此时用INTERNAL_USE指令不对字符集超集进行检查

代码如下

sys@PROD>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET INTERNAL_USE ZHS16GBK;

Database altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:53.35

重新启动数据库,再次导入,即可成功.

代码如下

[oracle@idata ~]$  impdp  '/ as sysdba ' directory=backup dumpfile=cil_20130702.dmp logfile=cil_20130703.log table_exists_action=replace schemas=EPAYMENT,LOGSDB,PREPAID,RISK,SWTSETTLE,SWTONLINE

补充一下oracle字符编码问题

通常会查询NLS_CHARACTERSET(数据库字符集)，NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET(国家字符集)，应该要存储多种语言，需要字符集为UTF-8。

代码如下

SELECT * FROM V$NLS_PARAMETERS WHERE PARAMETER IN ('NLS_CHARACTERSET', 'NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');

结果UTF-8，OK。

查看没问题的DB里 FieldA varchar2(10 char)

查看有问题的DB里 FieldA varchar2(10)

(没出现问题之前还真没注意到这两种定义是有区别的。。。)

UTF-8里一个中文字符是3 bytes，从上面的定义可以看出来，如果char/byte 定义导致的可存储数据长度相差很大了。

设置参数NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS可以在create table时对CHAR 或者VARCHAR2列指定使用字节(byte)或者字符(character)来定义长度。

NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, CLOB, and NCLOB 列都是基于字符(character)的。

NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS不会影响到SYS和SYSTEM用户表，数据字典定义都使用字节(byte)。

可以在定义列时候显示指定使用字节(byte)或者字符(character)来定义长度：

CHAR(10 BYTE)  - 无论NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS设置成什么，都使用字节(byte)。

CHAR(10 CHAR) - 无论NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS设置成什么，都使用字符(char)。