linux脚本判断文件属性,linux的shell脚本中的逻辑判断、文件目录属性判断、if特殊用法、case判断...

Shell脚本中的逻辑判断

格式1：if 条件 ; then 语句; fi (常用)

#以命令的方式表达

[[email protected] ~]# for i in `seq 1 5`; do echo $i; done

1

2

3

4

5

[[email protected] ~]# for i in `seq 1 5`

> do

> echo $i

> done

1

2

3

4

5

[[email protected] ~]# a=5

[[email protected] ~]# if [ $a -gt 3 ]

> then

> echo ok

> fi

ok

[[email protected] ~]# if [ $a -gt 3 ]; then echo ok; fi

ok

#脚本执行

[[email protected] ~]# cd shell/

[[email protected] shell]# vi if1.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat if1.sh

#!/bin/bash

a=5

if [ $a -gt 3 ]

then

echo ok

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh if1.sh

ok

格式2：if 条件; then 语句; else 语句; fi

[[email protected] shell]# cp if1.sh if2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# vi if2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat if2.sh

#!/bin/bash

a=1

if [ $a -gt 3 ]

then

echo ok

else

echo nook

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x if2.sh

+ a=1

+ ‘[‘ 1 -gt 3 ‘]‘

+ echo nook

nook

[[email protected] shell]# sh if2.sh

nook

格式3：if …; then … ;elif …; then …; else …; fi

[[email protected] shell]# cp if2.sh if3.sh

[[email protected] shell]# vi if3.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat if3.sh

#!/bin/bash

a=3

if [ $a -gt 4 ]

then

echo ">1"

elif [ $a -gt 6 ]

then

echo "<6 && >1"

else

echo nook

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x if3.sh

+ a=3

+ ‘[‘ 3 -gt 4 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 3 -gt 6 ‘]‘

+ echo nook

nook

[[email protected] shell]# sh if3.sh

nook

逻辑判断表达式：if [ $a -gt $b ]; if [ $a -lt 5 ]; if [ $b -eq 10 ]等 -gt (>); -lt(=); -le(<=);-eq(==); -ne(!=) 注意到处都是空格

可以使用 && || 结合多个条件

if [ $a -gt 5 ] && [ $a -lt 10 ]; then

if [ $b -gt 5 ] || [ $b -lt 3 ]; then

文件目录属性判断

[ -f file ]判断是否是普通文件，且存在

[ -d file ] 判断是否是目录，且存在

[ -e file ] 判断文件或目录是否存在

[ -r file ] 判断文件是否可读

[ -w file ] 判断文件是否可写

[ -x file ] 判断文件是否可执行

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -f $f ]

then

echo $f exist

else

touch $f

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -f /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ touch /tmp/aminglinux

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -f /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ echo /tmp/aminglinux exist

/tmp/aminglinux exist

[[email protected] shell]# cp filel.sh filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel2.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -d $f ]

then

echo $f exist

else

touch $f

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel2.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -d /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ touch /tmp/aminglinux

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel2.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -e $f ]

then

echo $f exist

else

touch $f

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel2.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -e /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ echo /tmp/aminglinux exist

/tmp/aminglinux exist

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel2.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -r $f ]

then

echo $f readable

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel2.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -r /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ echo /tmp/aminglinux readable

/tmp/aminglinux readable

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel2.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -w $f ]

then

echo $f writeable

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x filel2.sh

+ f=/tmp/aminglinux

+ ‘[‘ -w /tmp/aminglinux ‘]‘

+ echo /tmp/aminglinux writeable

/tmp/aminglinux writeable

[email protected] shell]# ls -l /tmp/aminglinux

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 3 14:52 /tmp/aminglinux

[[email protected] shell]# vi filel2.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat filel2.sh

#!/bin/bash

f="/tmp/aminglinux"

if [ -x $f ]

then

echo $f exeable

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh filel2.sh //因为不可执行，所以没有输出

if特殊用法

if [ -z "$a" ]??这个表示当变量a的值为空时会怎么样

[[email protected] shell]# vi if4.sh

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x if4.sh

++ wc -l /tmp/lalal

wc: /tmp/lalal: 没有那个文件或目录

+ n=

+ ‘[‘ -gt 100 ‘]‘

if4.sh: 第 3 行:[: -gt: 期待一元表达式

[[email protected] shell]# vi if4.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat if4.sh

#!/bin/bash

n=`wc -l /tmp/lalal`

if [ -z "$n" ]

then

echo error

exit

elif [ $n -gt 100 ]

then

echo aladafaf

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x if4.sh

++ wc -l /tmp/lalal

wc: /tmp/lalal: 没有那个文件或目录

+ n=

+ ‘[‘ -z ‘‘ ‘]‘

+ echo error

error

+ exit

[[email protected] shell]# vi if4.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat if4.sh

#!/bin/bash

if [ ! -f /tmp/lalal ]

then

echo "/tmp/lalal not exist."

exit

fi

n=`wc -l /tmp/lalal`

if [ -z "$n" ]

then

echo error

exit

elif [ $n -gt 100 ]

then

echo alsdflljk

fi

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x if4.sh

+ ‘[‘ ‘!‘ -f /tmp/lalal ‘]‘

+ echo ‘/tmp/lalal not exist.‘

/tmp/lalal not exist.

+ exit

[[email protected] shell]# sh if4.sh

/tmp/lalal not exist.

if [ -n "$a" ] 表示当变量a的值不为空

[[email protected] shell]# ls

01.sh filel2.sh filel.sh for1.sh if1.sh if2.sh if3.sh if4.sh

[[email protected] shell]# if [ -n 01.sh ]; then echo ok; fi

ok

[[email protected] shell]# if [ -n "$b" ]; then echo $b; else echo "b is null"; fi

b is null

if grep -q ‘123‘ 1.txt; then??表示如果1.txt中含有‘123‘的行时会怎么样

if [ ! -e file ]; then 表示文件不存在时会怎么样

if (($a<1)); then …等同于 if [ $a -lt 1 ]; then…

[ ] 中不能使用,==,!=,>=,<=这样的符号

[[email protected] shell]# grep -w ‘user1‘ /etc/passwd

user1:x:1002:1002::/home/user1:/bin/bash

[[email protected] shell]# if grep -w ‘user1‘ /etc/passwd; then echo "user1 exist"; fi

user1:x:1002:1002::/home/user1:/bin/bash

user1 exist

[[email protected] shell]# if grep -wq ‘user1‘ /etc/passwd; then echo "user1 exist"; fi

user1 exist

[[email protected] shell]# if ! grep -wq ‘user1‘ /etc/passwd; then useradd user1; fi

[[email protected] shell]#

case判断

可以查看vi /etc/init.d/network文件的case判断例子

case判断脚本格式

shell脚本案例

[[email protected] shell]# vi case.sh

[[email protected] shell]# cat case.sh

#!/bin/bash

read -p "Please input a number: " n

if [ -z "$n" ]

then

echo "Please input a number."

exit 1

fi

n1=`echo $n|sed ‘s/[0-9]//g‘`

if [ -n "$n1" ]

then

echo "Please input a number."

exit 1

#elif [ $n -lt 0 ] || [ $n -gt 100 ]

#then

# echo "The number range is 0-100."

# exit 1

fi

if [ $n -lt 60 ] && [ $n -ge 0 ]

then

tag=1

elif [ $n -ge 60 ] && [ $n -lt 80 ]

then

tag=2

elif [ $n -ge 80 ] && [ $n -lt 90 ]

then

tag=3

elif [ $n -ge 90 ] && [ $n -le 100 ]

then

tag=4

else

tag=0

fi

case $tag in

1)

echo "not ok"

;;

2)

echo "ok"

;;

3)

echo "ook"

;;

4)

echo "oook"

;;

*)

echo "The number range is 0-100."

;;

esac

[[email protected] shell]# sh case.sh

Please input a number: 101

The number range is 0-100.

[[email protected] shell]# sh -x case.sh

+ read -p ‘Please input a number: ‘ n

Please input a number: 101

+ ‘[‘ -z 101 ‘]‘

++ echo 101

++ sed ‘s/[0-9]//g‘

+ n1=

+ ‘[‘ -n ‘‘ ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -lt 60 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -ge 60 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -lt 80 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -ge 80 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -lt 90 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -ge 90 ‘]‘

+ ‘[‘ 101 -le 100 ‘]‘

+ tag=0

+ case $tag in

+ echo ‘The number range is 0-100.‘

The number range is 0-100.