本文通过一个商场打折的场景，介绍了如何运用Strategy模式来封装不同商品的打折策略。文章首先展示了没有使用策略模式时的简单实现，然后逐步演进，引入Discountable接口和Discountor接口，使得打折策略可以根据需求灵活变化，提高了代码的扩展性。
有了OO的基础后，开始认真学习设计模式。
首先学习的是Strategy，下面就封装商场打折策略来分析下策略模式是怎样一回事。
商场每逢节假日都会对不同的商品采用不同的打折策略，首先卖苹果的说我的苹果要打折，好的，我们建立Market和Apple类。
1 /**
2 *3 *@authorLingJian4 *5 */
6 public classMarket {7
8 /**
9 * 只对Apple10 *@paramapple11 */
12 public static voidnormalSell(Apple apple) {13 System.out.println("未打折价钱:" + apple.getPrice() *apple.getWeight());14 }15 /**
16 * 只对Apple17 *@paramapple18 */
19 public static voiddiscountSell(Apple apple) {20 double weight =apple.getWeight();21 //打折算法
22 if(weight < 10) {23 normalSell(apple);24 }else if(weight >= 10 && weight < 50) {25 System.out.println("打八八折价钱:" + apple.getPrice() * apple.getWeight() * 0.88);26 }else if(weight >= 50) {27 System.out.println("打五折价钱:" + apple.getPrice() * apple.getWeight() * 0.5);28 }29 }30 }
1 /**
2 *3 *@authorLingJian4 *5 */
6 public class Apple {7 //重量
8 private doubleweight;9 //单价 实际开发中 涉及金钱等精确计算都是用BigDecimal
10 private doubleprice;11
12 public doublegetWeight() {13 returnweight;4 }15 public void setWeight(doubleweight) {16 this.weight =weight;17 }18 public doublegetPrice() {19 returnprice;20 }21 public void setPrice(doubleprice) {22 this.price =price;23 }24 public Apple(double weight, doubleprice) {25 super();26 this.weight =weight;27 this.price =price;28 }29
30
31
32 }
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public classTest {/***@paramargs*/
public static voidmain(String[] args) {//只能对苹果打折 还不能对通用的一类事物打折 而且都是要卖什么就写什么打折算法 其实每类事物打折算法又是不一致的
Apple apple = new Apple(10.35, 3.6);
Market.normalSell(apple);
Market.discountSell(apple);
}
}
节假日过了两天后，卖香蕉的一看，苹果打折促销后，原先买香蕉的都跑去买苹果了，不行，香蕉也要打折，不然卖不出去就烂了，OK，这个时候，我们再往Market加一个卖香蕉的打折方法和Banana类，问题很好的解决了….后来，卖梨卖橙子卖橘子的都来了，但是由于每个商品打折的算法和策略都不一样，咱们只能先往Market不停的加方法….显然这不是很好的设计，不停的写打折方法就说明我们这个打折方法不够通用，扩展性不强，那这个时候怎么办呢？对，肯定是想办法让咱们的打折方法通用，增强扩展性，那么说到扩展我们肯定得想到OO的核心-多态。
这里，我们创建一个Discountable接口，让需要打折的商品都实现这个接口，并且在重写打折方法，这样对于Market来说，我们就把具体的打折实现方式都交给了具体的对象本身来实现，我们就不用担心算法策略不同而不停的增加方法。
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public classMarket {/*** 对可打折的一类事物进行打折
*@paramapple*/
public static voiddiscountSell(Discountable d) {
d.discountSell();
}
}
public class Apple implementsDiscountable {//重量
private doubleweight;//单价 实际开发中 涉及金钱等精确计算都是用BigDecimal
private doubleprice;public doublegetWeight() {returnweight;
}public void setWeight(doubleweight) {this.weight =weight;
}public doublegetPrice() {returnprice;
}public void setPrice(doubleprice) {this.price =price;
}public Apple(double weight, doubleprice) {super();this.weight =weight;this.price =price;
}
@Overridepublic voiddiscountSell() {//打折算法
if(weight < 10) {
System.out.println("Apple未打折价钱:" + weight *price);
}else if(weight >= 10 && weight < 50) {
System.out.println("Apple打八八折价钱:" + weight * price * 0.88);
}else if(weight >= 50) {
System.out.println("Apple打五折价钱:" + weight * price * 0.5);
}
}
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public class Banana implementsDiscountable {//重量
private doubleweight;//单价 实际开发中 涉及金钱等精确计算都是用BigDecimal
private doubleprice;public doublegetWeight() {returnweight;
}public void setWeight(doubleweight) {this.weight =weight;
}public doublegetPrice() {returnprice;
}public void setPrice(doubleprice) {this.price =price;
}public Banana(double weight, doubleprice) {super();this.weight =weight;this.price =price;
}
@Overridepublic voiddiscountSell() {//打折算法
if(weight < 5) {
System.out.println("Banana未打折价钱:" + weight *price);
}else if(weight >= 5 && weight < 10) {
System.out.println("Banana打八八折价钱:" + weight * price * 0.88);
}else if(weight >= 10) {
System.out.println("Banana打五折价钱:" + weight * price * 0.5);
}
}
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public interfaceDiscountable {public voiddiscountSell();
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public classTest {/***@paramargs*/
public static voidmain(String[] args) {//可对打折一类事物进行打折啦 先是Apple
Discountable d = new Apple(10.35, 3.6);//Discountable d = new Banana(10.35, 1.6);
Market.discountSell(d);
}
}
OK，这一次咱们采用的都是固定的按购买量打折，但是打折的策略算法是有可能变化的，不一定每次节假日都是按购买量打折，所以咱们的打折策略不能写死了，得能够灵活的变化，怎么办呢？当然，还是多态，我们再创建一个Discountor接口，而具体的打折策略都交给具体的实现类来实现，再在需要打折的商品类中，让其持有Discountor接口的实现子类，这样不管每次打折策略怎么变化，我们只需要让打折商品持有不同的实现对象即可灵活的应对变化，这就是策略(Strategy)模式。
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public class Apple implementsDiscountable {//重量
private doubleweight;//单价 实际开发中 涉及金钱等精确计算都是用BigDecimal
private doubleprice;//按购买量打折//private Discountor d = new AppleWeightDiscountor();//按购买总价打折
private Discountor d = newApplePriceDiscountor();public doublegetWeight() {returnweight;
}public void setWeight(doubleweight) {this.weight =weight;
}public doublegetPrice() {returnprice;
}public void setPrice(doubleprice) {this.price =price;
}public Apple(double weight, doubleprice) {super();this.weight =weight;this.price =price;
}
@Overridepublic voiddiscountSell() {
d.discount(this);
}
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public interfaceDiscountor {public voiddiscount(Discountable d);
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public class AppleWeightDiscountor implementsDiscountor {/*** 按购买量打折*/@Overridepublic voiddiscount(Discountable d) {
Apple apple=(Apple)d;if(apple.getWeight() < 10) {
System.out.println("Apple未打折价钱:" + apple.getWeight() *apple.getPrice());
}else if(apple.getWeight() >= 10 && apple.getWeight() < 50) {
System.out.println("Apple打八八折价钱:" + apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() * 0.88);
}else if(apple.getWeight() >= 50) {
System.out.println("Apple打五折价钱:" + apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() * 0.5);
}
}
}
/***
*@authorLingJian
**/
public class ApplePriceDiscountor implementsDiscountor {/*** 购买满10元立减1角
* 购买满20元立减1元
* 购买满30元立减5元*/@Overridepublic voiddiscount(Discountable d) {
Apple apple=(Apple)d;if(apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() < 10) {
System.out.println("Apple未打折价钱:" + apple.getWeight() *apple.getPrice());
}else if(apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() >= 10 && apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() < 20) {
System.out.println("Apple购买满10元立减1角:" + (apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() - 0.1) );
}else if(apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() >= 20 && apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() < 30) {
System.out.println("Apple购买满20元立减1元:" + (apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() - 1) );
}else if(apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() >= 30) {
System.out.println("Apple购买满30元立减5元:" + (apple.getWeight() * apple.getPrice() - 5) );
}
}
}
Test类无需改变。
简单的描绘下封装商场打折策略的设计图。如下所示：
Market负责给Discountable的商品打折，而具体的可打折的商品的打折的算法则交给Discountor的实现子类来具体实现。
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