用Python实现一个面向主题的网络爬虫程序,并完成以下内容:
(注:每人一题,主题内容自选,所有设计内容与源代码需提交到博客园平台)
一、主题式网络爬虫设计方案(15分)
1.主题式网络爬虫名称
小米官网爬虫手机类型销量爬虫
2.主题式网络爬虫爬取的内容与数据特征分析:
小米官网爬虫手机类型销量爬虫
3.主题式网络爬虫设计方案概述(包括实现思路与技术难点)本次设计方案主要依靠BeautifulSoup库对目标页面进行信息的爬取采集,对数据进行清洗,最后将结果打印出来本次设计方案主要依靠BeautifulSoup库对新浪网访问并采集,最后以txt格式将数据保存在本地。技术难点:爬取数据,遍历标签属性。存储数据表格信息时
实现思路:
(1)利用requests请求网页并爬取目标页面
(2)利用BeautifulSoup解析网页同时获取文件名及目标url链接
二、主题页面的结构特征分析(15分)
打开小米官网,通过右击鼠-标查看网页源代码,找到对应要爬取的信息
2.Htmls页面解析
使用BeautifulSoup进行网页页面解析,通过观察发现我想要获取的内容是在“div”标签下的“a”标签中。
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import threading
header={
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
'cookie': 'cna=WLxnFpWWi2YCAd5YmGBzb1LE; lid=%E5%A2%A8%E6%83%9C%E5%A6%82%E9%A3%8E; mbk=d104fe4feee1e4c8; enc=ZCXWltgoZbBKllIe42s2UMcdQrPHmbPRvsr5bu64hsyhih2chiIXNMdBlKbSjBosRRqbW8Ba58RiIkOj5bUr1Q%3D%3D; tk_trace=1; t=416ebaf372aac9e714d2411257bebe66; tracknick=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; lgc=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; _tb_token_=e33db43b7fe30; cookie2=130ad5a94570e50984de0fa8439d8b65; dnk=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; uc1=cookie21=VFC%2FuZ9ainBZ&cookie14=UoTbm8RWp827BA%3D%3D&pas=0&existShop=false&lng=zh_CN&cookie15=WqG3DMC9VAQiUQ%3D%3D&tag=8&cookie16=URm48syIJ1yk0MX2J7mAAEhTuw%3D%3D; uc3=nk2=p2MwXab0cT8%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D&vt3=F8dByus1oAedGs7HXvs%3D&id2=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; uc4=nk4=0%40pVXnDf4QgAF6OsvRnr8f86t9pQ%3D%3D&id4=0%40UgckEyzfCeaEbCy9LaVJ3V%2BC1%2B2o; unb=3004348014; cookie1=AVcQal%2F7P9z%2B8EjUWhp7%2BQvoVbt%2Fz5oUDaF9k92YW%2BU%3D; login=true; cookie17=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _nk_=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; sg=%E9%A3%8E4e; csg=8ac18de6; l=dBORoGnuqd-_KXXvBOCanurza77OjIRYouPzaNbMi_5Zl6L6H_QOkUgh7Fp6cjWft4TB4dH2-sp9-etkiepTY-cHtBU4RxDc.; isg=BLi41LSjEe7kQn1tu6bgpcSKiWZKIRyr208sQPIpC_OmDVj3mjFoOukrxUUYW9SD'
}
gLock = threading.Lock() #引入解锁和上锁的类
def get_bar(name,list):
gLock.acquire() #上锁
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] #显示中文字体
plt.title('各品牌手机部分平均价格') #标题
plt.xlabel('品牌') #x轴标签
plt.ylabel('价格') #同上
colors=['yellow','red','blue','green','orange'] #设置颜色
plt.bar(name,list6,alpha=0.8,color=colors) #开始绘图
plt.show() #展示绘图结果
gLock.release() #解锁
'''以下五个函数的代码部分是相似的,换句话说是一样的,但是他们传入的参数是不同的,不一一注释了'''
def get_xiaomi(url):
price_list=[] #价格列表
name_list=[] #名称
txt = requests.get(url, headers=header).text #获取网页内容,携带请求头进行伪装爬虫
bs = BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser') #设置解析方式
for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"): #提取数据,初步筛选信息
price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title'] #获取价格
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '') #获取名称,并对民称进行处理
print(price,name) #打印名称和价格
price=float(price) #将字符型价格改为浮点型价格,强制转化
name_list.append(name) #将名字和价格添加进列表
price_list.append(price)
return name_list,price_list
3.节点(标签)查找方法与遍历方法
(必要时画出节点树结构)
查找:get函数,find。
遍历:for循环嵌套
三、网络爬虫程序设计(60分)
爬虫程序主体要包括以下各部分,要附源代码及较详细注释,并在每部分程序后面提供输出结果的截图。
1.数据爬取与采集
2.对数据进行清洗和处理
3.文本分析(可选):jieba分词、wordcloud可视化
4.数据分析与可视化
(例如:数据柱形图、直方图、散点图、盒图、分布图、数据回归分析等)
5.数据持久化
defget_sanxing(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)#print(price, name, xiaoliang)
returnname_list,liaoliang_listdefget_figure(name1,list1,name2,list2,name3,list3,name4,list4,name5,list5):
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
完整代码
importrequestsfrom bs4 importBeautifulSoupimportmatplotlib.pyplot as pltimporttimeimportnumpy as npimportthreading
header={'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36','cookie': 'cna=WLxnFpWWi2YCAd5YmGBzb1LE; lid=%E5%A2%A8%E6%83%9C%E5%A6%82%E9%A3%8E; mbk=d104fe4feee1e4c8; enc=ZCXWltgoZbBKllIe42s2UMcdQrPHmbPRvsr5bu64hsyhih2chiIXNMdBlKbSjBosRRqbW8Ba58RiIkOj5bUr1Q%3D%3D; tk_trace=1; t=416ebaf372aac9e714d2411257bebe66; tracknick=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; lgc=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; _tb_token_=e33db43b7fe30; cookie2=130ad5a94570e50984de0fa8439d8b65; dnk=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; uc1=cookie21=VFC%2FuZ9ainBZ&cookie14=UoTbm8RWp827BA%3D%3D&pas=0&existShop=false&lng=zh_CN&cookie15=WqG3DMC9VAQiUQ%3D%3D&tag=8&cookie16=URm48syIJ1yk0MX2J7mAAEhTuw%3D%3D; uc3=nk2=p2MwXab0cT8%3D&lg2=U%2BGCWk%2F75gdr5Q%3D%3D&vt3=F8dByus1oAedGs7HXvs%3D&id2=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _l_g_=Ug%3D%3D; uc4=nk4=0%40pVXnDf4QgAF6OsvRnr8f86t9pQ%3D%3D&id4=0%40UgckEyzfCeaEbCy9LaVJ3V%2BC1%2B2o; unb=3004348014; cookie1=AVcQal%2F7P9z%2B8EjUWhp7%2BQvoVbt%2Fz5oUDaF9k92YW%2BU%3D; login=true; cookie17=UNDUK%2FSwTIuBMQ%3D%3D; _nk_=%5Cu58A8%5Cu60DC%5Cu5982%5Cu98CE; sg=%E9%A3%8E4e; csg=8ac18de6; l=dBORoGnuqd-_KXXvBOCanurza77OjIRYouPzaNbMi_5Zl6L6H_QOkUgh7Fp6cjWft4TB4dH2-sp9-etkiepTY-cHtBU4RxDc.; isg=BLi41LSjEe7kQn1tu6bgpcSKiWZKIRyr208sQPIpC_OmDVj3mjFoOukrxUUYW9SD'}defget_bar(name,list):
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
plt.title('各品牌手机部分总销量')
plt.xlabel('品牌')
plt.ylabel('销量')
colors=['yellow','red','blue','green','orange']
plt.bar(name,list6,alpha=0.8,color=colors)
plt.show()defget_xiaomi(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')#print(price, name, xiaoliang)
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)returnname_list,liaoliang_listdefget_rongyao(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)returnname_list, liaoliang_listdefget_huawei(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)#print(price, name, xiaoliang)
returnname_list,liaoliang_listdefget_vivo(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)#print(price, name, xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)returnname_list,liaoliang_listdefget_sanxing(url):
liaoliang_list=[]
name_list=[]
txt= requests.get(url, headers=header).text
bs= BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')for product in bs.find_all('div', class_="product"):#price = product.find_all('em')[0]['title']
name = product.find_all('a', attrs={'target': "_blank"})[1].text.replace('\n', '')
xiaoliang= product.find_all('em')[1].text.replace('.0万笔','0000').replace('.','000').replace('笔','').replace('万','')
xiaoliang=int(xiaoliang)
name_list.append(name)
liaoliang_list.append(xiaoliang)#print(price, name, xiaoliang)
returnname_list,liaoliang_listdefget_figure(name1,list1,name2,list2,name3,list3,name4,list4,name5,list5):
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei']
fig=plt.figure()
ax1=fig.add_subplot(321)
ax2=fig.add_subplot(322)
ax3=fig.add_subplot(323)
ax4=fig.add_subplot(324)
ax5=fig.add_subplot(325)
name1=range(len(name1))
name2=range(len(name2))
name3=range(len(name3))
name4=range(len(name4))
name5=range(len(name5))
ax1.set_title('小米销量图')
ax1.set_xlabel('品牌')
ax1.set_ylabel('销量')
ax1.plot(name1,list1)
ax2.set_title('荣耀销量图')
ax3.set_xlabel('品牌')
ax2.set_ylabel('销量')
ax2.plot(name2, list2,'r')
ax3.set_title('华为销量图')
ax3.set_xlabel('品牌')
ax3.set_ylabel('销量')
ax3.plot(name3, list3,'g')
ax4.set_title('vivo销量图')
ax4.set_xlabel('品牌')
ax4.set_ylabel('销量')
ax4.plot(name4, list4,'y')
ax5.set_title('三星销量图')
ax5.set_xlabel('品牌')
ax5.set_ylabel('销量')
ax5.plot(name5, list5,'b')
plt.savefig('多品牌销量图.png')
plt.show()if __name__=='__main__':
urllist=['https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?q=%D0%A1%C3%D7%CA%D6%BB%FA&type=p&vmarket=&spm=875.7931836%2FB.a2227oh.d100&from=mallfp..pc_1_searchbutton','https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.1.3e5e17e7HMiPUP&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%C8%D9%D2%AB%CA%D6%BB%FA','https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.1.19364d7ePqKoRA&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%BB%AA%CE%AA%CA%D6%BB%FA','https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.2.4cd110b21pk5Js&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=vivo+%CA%D6%BB%FA','https://list.tmall.com/search_product.htm?spm=a220m.1000858.1000723.6.159e3278ogZpdE&&active=2&from=rs_1_key-top-s&q=%C8%FD%D0%C7+%CA%D6%BB%FA', ]
name1,list1=get_xiaomi(urllist[0])#get_zexian(name1,list1,'小米')
#time.sleep(10)
name2,list2=get_rongyao(urllist[1])#get_zexian(name2, list2, '荣耀')
#time.sleep(10)
name3,list3=get_huawei(urllist[2])#get_zexian(name3, list3, '华为')
#time.sleep(10)
name4,list4=get_vivo(urllist[3])#get_zexian(name4, list4, 'vivo')
#time.sleep(10)
name5,list5=get_sanxing(urllist[4])
list6=[]
list6.append(sum(list1))
list6.append(sum(list2))
list6.append(sum(list3))
list6.append(sum(list4))
list6.append(sum(list5))
name=['小米','荣耀','华为','vivo','三星']
get_bar(name,list6)
get_figure(name1, list1, name2, list2, name3, list3, name4, list4, name5, list5)
四、结论(10分)
1.经过对主题数据的分析与可视化,可以得到哪些结论?
小米手机还是比较受大众的欢迎的,虽然比起一些新兴企业差了一些,但是从总体的水平来看,还是非常受大众欢迎的
2.对本次程序设计任务完成的情况做一个简单的小结。
做一个任务之前,需要做许多的准备工作,要提前明确自己的目标,构建一个大致的框架,这样到写代码的步骤时才会有条不紊的进行。收集数据时也需要具备明确的目标,微数据分析打好基础。有些数据是隐藏起来的,不能爬取,在确定目标的时候需要注意。这次爬虫,期间遇到了一些小问题,但是也对Python这门语言更加的有兴趣。对自己以后进一步学习编程有了很大帮助。总而言之,遇到了很多难题,也学习到了很多的方法,通过本次课程设计,我受益匪浅。这段时间来,从一开始的不太懂到熟练运用。这次的程序设计很好的巩固了我们所学到的知识,除此之外学到了很多课堂以外的知识。在其中也遇到了很多难题,明白自身要学习的东西还有很多,学无止境,才能更进一步