python中maketrans_python中用string.maketrans和translate巧妙替换字符串

python中用string.maketrans和translate巧妙替换字符串

将nginx日志中字符串 [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] HTTP  格式化为："2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00"

整条日志如下：

92.82.22.46 - - [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] "GET /p_w_picpaths/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"

将[2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] 替换成为："2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00"

把[]换成"",然后把T替换成空格

做法如下：>>> s='''92.82.22.46 - - [2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00] "GET /p_w_picpaths/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'''

>>> table = string.maketrans('[]','""')

>>> s.translate(table)

'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03T00:29:40-05:00" "GET /p_w_picpaths/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'

>>> s.translate(table).replace('T', ' ',1)#替换掉第一个T为空格

'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00" "GET /p_w_picpaths/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'

也可以这样：

>>> table = re.sub('\[|\]','"',s).replace('T', ' ',1)

>>>print table

'92.82.22.46 - - "2013-07-03 00:29:40-05:00" "GET /p_w_picpaths/mask_bg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 195 "http://www.chlinux.net/" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)" "-"'