c语言约瑟夫环单向循环链表,C — 用单向循环链表完成“类约瑟夫环”问题

问题概述

有 n 个人围坐成一圈，其编号为从 1 到 n 的递增数列，每个人有一个正整数密码。先选定一个任意正整数 m，并从 1 号开始报 1，2号报 2，以此类推，报到 m 时停止，该人出局，并把他的密码作为新的 m 值。重复该过程，直到所有人出局，求出局人编号顺序。

修改前代码

#include

#include

typedef struct node {

int number;

int password;

struct node *next;

} node;

node *createCircularLinkedList(int n) {

node *temp = NULL;

node *head = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

head->next = head; // Necessary when n == 1;

temp = head;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {

temp->next = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

temp = temp->next;

temp->next = NULL;

}

temp->next = head;

return head;

}

int inputCircularLinkedList(node *head) {

if (NULL == head) // If a blank linked list.

return 0;

node *temp = head;

int count = 0;

int password;

count = 1;

do {

scanf("%d", &password);

temp->password = password;

temp->number = count++;

temp = temp->next;

} while (temp != head);

return 1;

}

int printCircularLinkedList(node *head) { // Just for test.

if (NULL == head) // If a blank linked list.

return 0;

node *temp = head;

do {

printf("%d-%d\n", temp->number, temp->password);

temp = temp->next;

} while (temp != head);

return 1;

}

node *rearOfCircularLinkedList(node *head) {

node *p = NULL;

if (NULL == head) // If a blank linked list.

return 0;

p = head;

while (p->next != head)

p = p->next;

return p;

}

node *deleteNodeOfCircularLinkedList(node *head, node *del) {

if (NULL == head) // If a blank linked list.

return 0;

node *pre = head;

while (pre->next != del)

pre = pre->next;

if (pre->next == head) {

head = head->next;

}

pre->next = del->next;

free(del);

return head;

}

int main() {

int n = 0, m = 0, password = 0;

node *head = NULL; // Create a blank linked list.

printf("Please input m:\n");

scanf("%d", &m);

printf("Please input n:\n");

scanf("%d", &n);

head = createCircularLinkedList(n);

printf("Please input password:\n");

inputCircularLinkedList(head);

printf("Data received:\n");

printCircularLinkedList(head);

printf("Answer:\n");

node *p = head;

node *pCopy = NULL;

int count = 0;

while (n > 0) {

for (int i = 0; i < m-1; ++i) {

p = p->next;

} // P should out.

printf("%d out\n", p->number);

pCopy = p;

m=p->password;

p = p->next;

head = deleteNodeOfCircularLinkedList(head, pCopy);

n--;

}

return 0;

}

代码问题

循环链表只需要有指针指向其即可，不需要固定头指针或尾指针。

删除函数又重复遍历了一遍链表，效率低下。

当密码为很大的数字时，可以用取余来提高效率。

修改后代码

#include

#include

typedef struct node {

int number;

int password;

struct node *next;

} node;

node *nodePioneerOfCll(int m, node *p) {

for (int i = 0; i < m - 1; ++i) {

p = p->next;

} // (p+1) - out.

printf("%d - out\n", p->next->number);

return p;

}

node *rearOfCll(node *p) {

while (p->next->number != 1) {

p = p->next;

}

return p;

}

node *createCll(int n) {

node *temp = NULL;

node *head = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

head->next = head; // n == 1

temp = head;

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {

temp->next = (node *) malloc(sizeof(node));

temp = temp->next;

temp->next = NULL;

}

temp->next = head; // 尾元素指向头指针

return head;

}

int inputCll(node *p) {

if (NULL == p)

return 0;

node *temp = p;

int count = 1;

do {

scanf("%d", &temp->password);

temp->number = count++;

temp = temp->next;

} while (temp != p);

return 1;

}

int printCll(node *p) {

if (NULL == p)

return 0;

node *temp = p;

do {

printf("%d-%d\n", temp->number, temp->password);

temp = temp->next;

} while (temp != p);

return 1;

}

int deleteNextNodeOfCll(node *p) {

if (NULL == p)

return 0;

node *del = p->next;

p->next = p->next->next;

int m = del->password;

free(del);

return m;

}

int main() {

int n = 0, m = 0, password = 0;

printf("Please input m:\n");

scanf("%d", &m); // 输入m值

printf("Please input n:\n");

scanf("%d", &n); // 输入n值

node *p = createCll(n); // 创建有n元循环链表

printf("Please input password:\n");

inputCll(p); // 输入密码

printf("Data received:\n");

printCll(p); // 反显密码

printf("Answer:\n");

p = rearOfCll(p); // p移到尾

for (; n > 0; n--) {

p = nodePioneerOfCll(m % n ? m % n : n, p); // 移到待删节点前驱

m = deleteNextNodeOfCll(p); // 删除p后继

}

return 0;

}