oracle中强制类型转换,Oracle vs PostgreSQL，研发注意事项（7）- 类型转换

本节以数值型相互转换以及数值型和字符型的转换为例大体介绍了Oracle和PostgreSQL类型转换上的部分异同，可据此思路推广到其他类型。

一、数值类型转换

下面以数值类型为例子说明,包括运算结果的转换和强制类型转换.

运算结果

以除运算为例说明.

PostgreSQL的除运算

testdb=# select 1/4;

?column?

----------

0

(1 row)

Oracle的除运算

TEST-orcl@server4>select 1/4 from dual;

1/4

----------

.25

两个整型值1和4参与除法运算,结果PostgreSQL为整型的0,Oracle为浮点型的0.25,两者的行为不一致.

为何PostgreSQL执行整型运算返回的结果是整型?当然,这是PG的机制(整型/整型=整型)使然,在PG中,运算的结果类型可查询pg_operator获得:

testdb=# \x

Expanded display is on.

testdb=# select * from pg_operator where oprname = '/' and oprleft=21 and oprright = 21;

-[ RECORD 1 ]+--------

oprname | / -->运算符

oprnamespace | 11

oprowner | 10

oprkind | b

oprcanmerge | f

oprcanhash | f

oprleft | 21 -->int2(占用2个字节的整型,通过select * from pg_type where oid=21查询可得)

oprright | 21 -->同上

oprresult | 21 -->整型/整型,结果也是整型

oprcom | 0

oprnegate | 0

oprcode | int2div

oprrest | -

oprjoin | -

在PostgreSQL中,要想获得0.25的结果,需要进行转换:

testdb=# select 1/4::float;

?column?

----------

0.25

(1 row)

二、强制类型转换

以字符型->整型为例说明.

PostgreSQL

testdb=# drop table if exists t_cast ;

DROP TABLE

testdb=# create table t_cast (c_int int,c_s varchar(20));

CREATE TABLE

testdb=# insert into t_cast values(1,'1');

INSERT 0 1

testdb=# insert into t_cast values(2,'2');

INSERT 0 1

testdb=# select * from t_cast where c_int = 1;

c_int | c_s

-------+-----

1 | 1

(1 row)

testdb=# select * from t_cast where c_s = 1;

ERROR: operator does not exist: character varying = integer -->可变长字符型转换为整型

LINE 1: select * from t_cast where c_s = 1;

^

HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument types. You might need to add explicit type casts.

Oracle

TEST-orcl@server4>drop table t_cast;

Table dropped.

TEST-orcl@server4>create table t_cast (c_int int,c_s varchar2(20)) tablespace users;

Table created.

TEST-orcl@server4>insert into t_cast values(1,'1');

1 row created.

TEST-orcl@server4>insert into t_cast values(2,'2');

1 row created.

TEST-orcl@server4>select * from t_cast where c_int = 1;

C_INT C_S

---------- --------------------

1 1

TEST-orcl@server4>select * from t_cast where c_s = 1;

C_INT C_S

---------- --------------------

1 1

PG,整型不能转换为字符型,而Oracle可以.

PG可以通过显式类型转换或者自定义类型转换的机制实现字符型->整型的转换:

-- 显式转换

testdb=# select * from t_cast where c_s = 1::varchar;

c_int | c_s

-------+-----

1 | 1

(1 row)

-- 自定义类型转换

testdb=# create cast(varchar as integer) with inout as implicit;

CREATE CAST

testdb=# select * from t_cast where c_s = 1;

c_int | c_s

-------+-----

1 | 1

(1 row)

通过数据字典表pg_cast可查询PG支持的类型转换.

testdb=# select oid,a.* from pg_cast a where castsource=1043 and casttarget = 23;

oid | castsource | casttarget | castfunc | castcontext | castmethod

-------+------------+------------+----------+-------------+------------

16774 | 1043 | 23 | 0 | i | i --> 这是新加的记录

三、参考资料

CREATE CAST

PostgreSQL 自定义自动类型转换(CAST)