java thread 工具,Java多线程工具箱之Semaphore

Java多线程工具箱之Semaphore

前言

这一篇谈一下Semaphore：信号量。

将Semaphore类比为为信号灯，被继承Runable的线程类比为列车：理解信号量可以参考控制列车的信号灯：铁道上有多个列车，由信号灯通知其可用情况。若列车拿到的信号灯为绿灯，列车可以通过，否则列车不能通过。

Semaphore用于限制访问线程多于可用资源的场景。

1.1 基本API

构造器 Semaphore(int premits)

构造传入初始化的允许数量。

方法 acquire()

请求允许，未有有效的允许或者中断之前，线程将会阻塞。

方法 release()

释放允许。

1.2 范例

在范例中，我们使用一个机场请求跑道的模拟程序，机场有3个跑道，这个时段降落的航班一共有10个。由于跑道远没有飞机的数量多，因此需要飞机需要等待可用的跑道资源。这个程序就是模拟了这个过程。

UML

App.java

import java.util.Random;

import lombok.extern.java.Log;

@Log

public class App {

static Random ran = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

public static void main(String[] args) {

Airport ap = new Airport("Baiyun Airport", 3);

for (int index = 0; index < 10; index++) {

AirPlane plane = new AirPlane(index, String.valueOf(index), String.valueOf(index), ap,

ran.nextInt(2) == 0 ? Action.landing : Action.takeOff);

Thread thread = new Thread(plane);

thread.start();

}

}

}

Airport.java

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

import lombok.Data;

import lombok.extern.java.Log;

@Log

@Data

public class Airport {

private String name;

private Semaphore semaphore;

private Runway[] runways;

public Airport(String name, int numberOfRunway) {

this.name = name;

this.semaphore = new Semaphore(numberOfRunway);

runways = new Runway[numberOfRunway];

for (int index = 0; index < numberOfRunway; index++) {

Runway currentRunway = new Runway(name, index);

runways[index] = currentRunway;

}

log.info("Airpot is ready :" + Arrays.toString(runways));

}

public Runway requestRunway() throws InterruptedException {

semaphore.acquire();

while (true) {

for (int index = 0; index < runways.length; index++) {

Runway runway = runways[index];

if (!runway.isInUse()) {

runway.setInUse(true);

return runway;

}

}

log.warning("all runway is using, and wait till there is runay release.");

}

}

public void releaseRunway(Runway release) {

for (int index = 0; index < runways.length; index++) {

Runway runway = runways[index];

if (runway.equals(release)) {

runway.setInUse(false);

semaphore.release();

}

}

}

}

Airplane.java

import java.util.Random;

import lombok.Data;

import lombok.extern.java.Log;

@Data

@Log

public class AirPlane implements Runnable {

private int id;

private String name;

private String company;

private Airport airport;

private Action action;

private static Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());

public AirPlane(int id, String name, String company, Airport airport, Action action) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

this.company = company;

this.airport = airport;

this.action = action;

}

@Override

public void run() {

Runway runway = null;

try {

runway = airport.requestRunway();

log.info(this.toString() + "is using " + runway.toString() + " to " + this.action);

int sleepSecond = rand.nextInt(10) * 1000;

Thread.sleep(sleepSecond);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

log.warning("request runway error");

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

if (airport != null && runway != null) {

airport.releaseRunway(runway);

}

}

}

}

Runway.java

import lombok.Data;

@Data

public class Runway {

private String name;

private boolean inUse = false;

public Runway(String airportName, int runwayIndex) {

this.name = airportName + "_" + runwayIndex;

}

}

运行结果

可以从运行结果中看到，程序运行的第一秒，首先几架的飞机(线程)都第一时间的获得了跑道(资源)，而后面几架飞机(线程)，则在前面的飞机退出(sleep)跑道(资源)后获得使用权，进行起飞或降落。

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:32 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.Airport

信息: Airpot is ready :[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=false), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=false), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=false)]

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:33 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=1, name=1, company=1, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 1], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=false)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true) to landing

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:33 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=2, name=2, company=2, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=takeOff)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true) to takeOff

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:33 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=0, name=0, company=0, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 2], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=false), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=false)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true) to landing

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:33 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=8, name=8, company=8, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=takeOff)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true) to takeOff

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:35 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=3, name=3, company=3, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=takeOff)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true) to takeOff

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:37 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=4, name=4, company=4, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true) to landing

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:40 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=5, name=5, company=5, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true) to landing

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:40 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=6, name=6, company=6, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true) to landing

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:41 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=7, name=7, company=7, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=takeOff)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true) to takeOff

Aug 13, 2018 12:56:41 AM online.tangbk.thread.study.semaphore.AirPlane run

信息: AirPlane(id=9, name=9, company=9, airport=Airport(name=Baiyun Airport, semaphore=java.util.concurrent.Semaphore@61a09c6b[Permits = 0], runways=[Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_1, inUse=true), Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_2, inUse=true)]), action=landing)is using Runway(name=Baiyun Airport_0, inUse=true) to landing

1.3 Semaphore小结

Semaphore适用于多线程请求数量资源的场景，但无法解决单多个线程对同一资源访问的竞争性访问。对于单一资源的竞争性访问，依然要使用synchronize关键字或atomic等甚至ReadWriteLock关键字或工具类进行限制。

在后面我们在我们的多线程工具箱里面陆续会提到。