ubuntu下安装mysql5.7.9_Ubuntu 18.04 安装配置 MySQL 5.7

Ubuntu 18.04 安装 mysql 的过程中，竟然没有让你输入秘密？！(之前在 Ubuntu 14.04 下，安装过程中会询问密码)，这导致安装完 mysql 初始秘密不知道的问题。

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.7

解决方法如下：

1)安装完成后，会生成文件 /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ，初始用户名和秘密如下 (这里密码是随机的)

$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

# Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!

[client]

host = localhost

user = debian-sys-maint

password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ

socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

[mysql_upgrade]

host = localhost

user = debian-sys-maint

password = 63vIY3PtyKh10cmZ

socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

2)使用这个用户名和秘密登陆 mysql

$ mysql -h localhost -u debian-sys-maint -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

3)然后做如下操作(这里设置秘密为 1，读者请自行设置自己的密码)

mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('1') where user='root' and host='localhost';

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1

mysql> update mysql.user set plugin='mysql_native_password';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 4 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit;

Bye

4)重新启动 mysql

$ sudo service mysql restart

5)之后就可以使用 root 登陆了

$ mysql -h localhost -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.7.26-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

6)检查默认字符编码

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

将其改为 utf8，打开 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf，在最后添加一句，

character-set-server=utf8

重新启动 mysql，

$ sudo service mysql restart

再次查看字符编码，

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

7)使用 mycli 自动补全 (only support python3)

默认 mysql 命令行登陆后，输入命令不会提示及自动补全，非常麻烦，通过使用 mycli 自动补全会方便很多。

$ sudo pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mycli

使用 mycli 启动数据库连接，

$ mycli -h localhost -u root -p ******** ( here your DB password)

或者，

$ mycli -h localhost -u root # 回车，输入密码

8)  安装 mysql 的 python 接口 mysqlclient (Django 对此接口的支持比 mysql-connector-python 好)

$ sudo apt-get install default-libmysqlclient-dev # (ubuntu 16.04 软件包名为 libmysqlclient-dev)

$sudo pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ mysqlclient

9) 可以试一下 mysql workbench 图形化管理界面

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench

(完)