python常用知识点_python常用知识点

【常用知识点】

1 字符串翻转、fibnacci数列、main使用：

#!/usr/bin/python #Filename:using_sys.py #python using_sys.py we are import sys import os print ‘the command line:‘ """ print ‘hello‘ """ def test_main(): print "we are in %s"%__name__ if __name__=="__main__": test_main() print __file__ for i in sys.argv: print i# print ‘\n\n PythonPath is‘,sys.path,‘\n‘ #fibonacci数列 a,b = 0,1 while b<10: print(b), a,b=b,a+b print"\n" #fibonacci数列 a=1 b=1 c=0 while c<30: c=a+b a=b b=c print(c) #reverse def reverse(str): str=str[::-1]

2 类class

id()用于获取对象的内存地址。

#file:class.py #普通函数定义 def foo(x): #函数定义必须带(),foo() print "executing foo(%s)"%(x) #函数实现必须空格或TAB键起始 #类定义 可不带参数(),class A: class A(object): def foo(self,x): print "executing foo(%s,%s)"%(self,x) @classmethod def class_foo(cls,x): print "executing class_foo(%s,%s)"%(cls,x) @static method 实例引用，入参必须有self，self命名可任意;调用方式：a=A();a.static_foo(b) def static_foo(self,x): print "executing static_foo(%s)"%(self,x) @此时x即为self,调用：a.static_foo1() def static_foo1(x): print "executing static_foo(%s)"%x a=A() class B(object): count = 1 def __init__(self,x=0,y=0): self.x=x self.y=y def run(): print "run B" class B1(B): def run(): print"enter B1" super(B1,self).run() print "leave B1" class B2(B) def run(): print"enter B2" super(B2,self).run() print"leave B2" class B3(B1,B2) def run(): print"enter B3" super(B3,self).run() print"leave B3" b=B() bb=B() b.count=2 #id(b)!=id(bb);id(B)!=id(B1) print"id(B)={0};id(b)=(1);id(bb)={2}",.format(id(B),id(b),id(bb)) #print id(B) #b.count=2;bb.count=1 print"b.count=%s;bb.count=%s"%(b.count,bb.count) #print(b.count) b1=B1() print"id(B1)={0}",.format(id(B1)) b1.count=3 print"b1.count=%s"%b.count b2=B2() #id(B2)!=id(B1) print"id(B2)={0}",.format(id(B2)) #b2.count=1 print"b2.count=%s"%b2.count b3=B3() #run顺序: B B2 B1 B3 b3.run()

\ 实例方法 类 方法 静态方法

a = A() a.foo(x) a.class_foo(x) a.static_foo(x)

A 不可用 A.class_foo(x) A.static_foo(x)

3 and or ; reversed(); len()

# (bool&a)|b; (bool=0 or !0) def choose(bool, a, b): return (bool and [a] or [b])[0] choose(1,0,2) #2 sequence=1,2,3#sequence=(1,2,3);sequence=[1,2,3]均可 sequence = range(1,10) for x in reversed(sequence): print(x)#9...2,1 print"len=%d"%len(sequence) #len=9

4 tuple ;list

#空元组 tuple0=() #一个元素的元组 tuple1=(2,) tuple2=(4,5,‘ab‘,‘xyz‘) tuple3=tuple1+tuple2 #() print tuple0 #tuple3=(2,4,5,‘ab‘,‘xyz‘) 注意：tuple[0]=3非法 print‘tuple3=‘,tuple3 #tuple3[0] tuple3[1:4]=2 (4,5,‘ab‘) print‘tuple3[0] tuple3[1:4]=‘,tuple3[0],tuple3[1:4] #list list1=[1,"ab",‘xyz‘] tuple1=tuple(list1) #list1=[1,‘ab‘,‘xyz‘] print‘list1=‘,list1 #tuple1=(1,‘ab‘,‘xyz‘) print‘tuple1=‘,tuple1 #转换为元组 l = tuple() dict={"key1":11,‘key2‘:‘xy‘}

#% 和 .fromat name= 1 namearray=(1,2,3) print "name=%s"%name --1 print "name={0}".format(name)--1 注意：{0}，{1}... print "namearray=%s"%(namearray,) --1,2,3 注意：(namearray,) print "namearray={0}".format(namearray)--1,2,3注意：不要使用“，”;

6 *args和**kwargs

用*args和**kwargs只是为了方便并没有强制使用它们.

当你不确定你的函数里将要传递多少参数时你可以用*args.例如,它可以传递任意数量的参数:

#*args **kwargs def print_args(*args): #0.apple 1.banana 2.cabbage 注意：enumerate() for count,thing in enumerate(args): print‘{0}.{1}‘.format(count,thing) print_args(‘apple‘,‘banana‘,‘cabbage‘) #**kwargs 允许你使用没有事先定义的参数名: def print_kwargs(**kwargs): #cabbage=vegetable apple=fruit 注意：items() for name,value in kwargs.items(): print‘{0}={1}‘.format(name,value) print_kwargs(apple=‘fruit‘,cabbage=‘vegetable‘)

8 repr 与 链表操作.

class Node(object): def __init__(self,sName): #lChildren定义为一个空链表list self._lChildren = [] self.sName = sName def __repr__(self): # return "".format(self.sName) def append(self,*args,**kwargs): #添加链表 self._lChildren.append(*args,**kwargs) def print_all_1(self): print self for oChild in self._lChildren: oChild.print_all_1() def print_all_2(self): def gen(o): lAll = [o,] while lAll: #pop(0)指定索引删除list，remove为指定元素删除 oNext = lAll.pop(0) lAll.extend(oNext._lChildren) yield oNext for oNode in gen(self): print oNode oRoot = Node("root") oChild1 = Node("child1") oChild2 = Node("child2") oChild3 = Node("child3") oChild4 = Node("child4") oChild5 = Node("child5") oChild6 = Node("child6") oChild7 = Node("child7") oChild8 = Node("child8") oChild9 = Node("child9") oChild10 = Node("child10") oRoot.append(oChild1) oRoot.append(oChild2) oRoot.append(oChild3) oChild1.append(oChild4) oChild1.append(oChild5) oChild2.append(oChild6) oChild4.append(oChild7) oChild3.append(oChild8) oChild3.append(oChild9) oChild6.append(oChild10) #child1,4,7,5,2,6,10,3,8,9 oRoot.print_all_1() oRoot.print_all_2()来源：https://blog.csdn.net/eleven_xiy/article/details/81278794