python序列化模块struct_xml序列化模块

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## 前言说明

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json功能差不多，但要复杂和麻烦一些,是json诞生之前大多数程序的统一接口协议

## xml格式举例

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

```

2

2008

141100

5

2011

59900

69

2011

13600

```

## python中的xml协议

xml协议在各个语言里的都是支持的，在python中用`xml.etree.ElementTree`模块操作xml

### 导入模块遍历

```

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

print(root.tag)

#遍历xml文档

for child in root:

print(child.tag, child.attrib)

for i in child:

print(i.tag,i.text)

#只遍历year 节点

for node in root.iter('year'):

print(node.tag,node.text)

```

修改和删除xml文档内容

~~~

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")

root = tree.getroot()

#修改

for node in root.iter('year'):

new_year = int(node.text) + 1

node.text = str(new_year)

node.set("updated","yes")

tree.write("xmltest.xml")

#删除node

for country in root.findall('country'):

rank = int(country.find('rank').text)

if rank > 50:

root.remove(country)

tree.write('output.xml')

~~~

自己创建xml文档

~~~

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")

name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})

age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})

sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")

sex.text = '33'

name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})

age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")

age.text = '19'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象

et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

~~~