一。linux中访问外设的方法.
1.IO端口(IO port)
linux系统给外设分配不同的端口号，linux利用端口号来访问设备(驱动) (cpu x86)
cpu访问外设通过端号，访问通过地址
gec@ubuntu:/mnt/hgfs/tea/demo2$ cat /proc/ioports
0000-0cf7 : PCI Bus 0000:00
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
0060-0060 : keyboard
0064-0064 : keyboard
0070-0071 : rtc0
0080-008f : dma page reg
00a0-00a1 : pic2
00c0-00df : dma2
00f0-00ff : fpu
0170-0177 : 0000:00:07.1
0170-0177 : ata_piix
2.IO内存 (IO mem) ---> ARM/MPIS
cpu访问外设的方法和访问内存方法都是一样，都是根据地址来方问。
外设(GPIO,ADC,WDT)都内存一样，是统一编址。
二。LINUX中IO内存的使用
思想:申请IO内存区-->动态是映射--->使用虚拟地址--> 解除动态映射击--->释放IO内存区。
1.IO内存的申请
struct resource *request_mem_region(resource_size_t start,resource_size_t n,const char *name)
参数值:
start-->资源的内存区的开始地址(物理地址)
n ----->物理内存区的大小
name --->自定义内存区的名字 cat /proc/iomem
返回值:
struct resource * -->申请到的资源
NULL--->申请失败
2.释放IO内存
void release_mem_region(resource_size_t start,resource_size_t n)
例：
struct resource *ledp=request_mem_region(OxE0200280,8,"gpj2_led");
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.IO内存的动态映射
void __iomem * ioremap (unsigned long phys_addr, unsigned long size)
参数：
unsigned long phys_addr--》需要映射的物理内存的地址(开始地址)
unsigned long size -->需要映射的物理内存大小
返值:
void __iomem * --->映射后虚拟地址(开始地址)
NULL --->失败
4。IO内存动态映射解除
void iounmap(void *addr)
void *addr--->映射后的虚拟地址
例：
#define OxE0200280 GPJ2CON_PA
unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA =ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,8);
unsigned int *GPJ2DAT_VA =GPJ2CON_VA+1；
iounmap(GPJ2CON_VA);
-------------------------------------------------
5.访问虚拟地址的函数(读写)
1.
unsigned int ioread32(void __iomem *addr)
void __iomem *addr--->虚拟地址
unsigned int ---》数据
void iowrite32(u32 b, void __iomem *addr);
例:
unsigned int a=ioread(GPJ2CON_VA);
a &= ;
iowrite32(a,GPJ2CON_VA)
2.
static inline u32 readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
static inline void writel(unsigned int b, volatile void __iomem *addr)
3.
static inline u32 __raw_readl(const volatile void __iomem *addr)
static inline void __raw_writel(u32 v, volatile void __iomem *addr)
实例：LED字符设备的驱动模块、
#include
#include
#include
struct cdev chrdev3;
unsigned int TestMajor=0;
unsigned int TestMinor=0;
#define *** GPJ*CON_PA
#define *** GPJ*DAT_PA
unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA;
dev_t dev_no;
int testopen(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
//LED输出
printk("led init
");
}
int testclose (struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
{
printk("close");
return 0;
}
ssize_t testwrtie(struct file *, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)
{
char buf[12];
copy_from_user(buf,usr,);
buf[12];
//if(buf[]=='1')
//led点明
printk(,buf);
}
ssize_t testread(struct file *, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *);
{
char buf='r';
read_led;
copy_to_user(usr,buf,);
}
struct file_operations fops= --->结构体初始化 .---???????????????
{.owner=THIS_MODULE,
.open=testopen,
.write=testwrite,
.release=testclose,
}
static int __init test_init(void) //入口函数
{
printk("hello world!
"); //相当于printf()
int ret;
dev_no =MKDEV(TestMajor,TestMinor)
if(dev_no>0)
{
ret=register_chrdev_region(dev_no, 1,"chrdev_test");//静态注册设备号
}
else//动态申请设备号
{
alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_no,TestMinor, 1,"chrdev_test");
}
if(ret<0)
{
return ret;
}
cdev_init(&chrdev3,&fops);
cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
cdev_add(&chrdev3,dev_no,1);
request_mem_region();
GPJ2CON_VA =ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,8);
GPJ2DAT_VA =GPJ2CON_VA+1；
return 0;
}
static void __exit test_exit(void) //出口函数
{
unregister_chrdev_region(dev_no, 1);
cdev_del(&chrdev3);
}
module_init(test_init); //驱动的入口 #insmod *.ko
module_exit(test_exit); //驱动的出口 #rmmod *.ko
//#modinfo *.ko 可以查看module的信息
MODULE_AUTHOR("fbx@GEC");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("the first module of drivers");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");
1 #include
2 #include
3 #include
4 #include
5 #include
6 #include
7 #include
8 #include
9 #include
10 #include
11
12 #define GPJ2CON_PA 0xe0200280
13 #define GPJ2DAT_PA 0xe0200280
14 unsigned int *GPJ2CON_VA;15 unsigned int *GPJ2DAT_VA;16 structcdev chrdev;17 struct resource *res;18 unsigned int TestMajor=0;19 unsigned int TestMinor=0;20 dev_t dev_no;21 intret;22
23 int testopen(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)24 {25 unsigned int a =ioread32(GPJ2CON_VA);26 a |= 0x1111;27 iowrite32(a,GPJ2CON_VA);28 printk("cdev init");29 return 0;30
31 }32 ssize_t testwrite(struct file *file, const char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)33 {34 unsigned inta;35
36 copy_from_user(&a,usr,len);37 iowrite32(a,GPJ2DAT_VA);38
39
40 }41 ssize_t testread(struct file *file, char __user *usr, size_t len, loff_t *off)42 {43 unsigned int a =ioread32(GPJ2DAT_VA);44 copy_to_user(usr,&a,len);45
46
47 }48 int testrelease(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)49 {50 printk("close");51 return 0;52
53 }54
55 struct file_operations fops=
56 {57 .owner=THIS_MODULE,58 .open =testopen,59 .write =testwrite,60 .read =testread,61 .release =testrelease,62 };63 static int __init test_init(void)64 {65 dev_no =MKDEV(TestMajor,TestMinor);66 if(dev_no>0)67 {68 ret = register_chrdev_region(dev_no,1,"chrdev_test");69 }70 else
71 {72 alloc_chrdev_region(&dev_no,0,1,"chrdev_test");73 }74 if(ret<0)75 {76 returnret;77 }78 cdev_init(&chrdev,&fops);79 chrdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;80 cdev_add(&chrdev,dev_no,1);81 res = request_mem_region(GPJ2CON_PA,8,"gpj2_led");82 GPJ2CON_VA = ioremap(GPJ2CON_PA,8);83 GPJ2DAT_VA = GPJ2CON_VA + 1;84 return 0;85 }86
87 static int __exit test_exit(void)88 {89 unregister_chrdev_region(dev_no,1);90 cdev_del(&chrdev);91 iounmap(GPJ2CON_VA);92 release_mem_region(GPJ2CON_PA,8);93 return 0;94 }95
96 module_init(test_init);97 module_exit(test_exit);98
99
100 MODULE_AUTHOR("FENG");101 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("the first module of char drivers");102 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");103 MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");
test.c 使一盏led循环点灭
1 #include
2 #include
3 #include
4 #include
5 #include
6 #include
7
8 intmain()9 {10 unsigned intledconfig;11 char buf1[20];12 int fd = open("/dev/chrdev_test",O_RDWR);13 if(fd<0)14 perror("open() error!");15 bzero(buf1,20);16 while(1)17 {18 read(fd,&ledconfig,4);19 ledconfig ^=0x1;20 write(fd,&ledconfig,4);21 sleep(1);22 }23 }
1387
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